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Nash Equilibrium (NE) is the canonical solution concept of game theory, which provides an elegant tool to understand the rationalities. Though mixed strategy NE exists in any game with finite players and actions, computing NE in two- or…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Xinrun Wang , Chang Yang , Shuxin Li , Pengdeng Li , Xiao Huang , Hau Chan , Bo An

Generalized Nash equilibrium problems with mixed-integer variables constitute an important class of games in which each player solves a mixed-integer optimization problem, where both the objective and the feasible set is parameterized by…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Aloïs Duguet , Tobias Harks , Martin Schmidt , Julian Schwarz

We describe a new complete algorithm for computing Nash equilibrium in multiplayer general-sum games, based on a quadratically-constrained feasibility program formulation. We demonstrate that the algorithm runs significantly faster than the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Sam Ganzfried

The task of computing approximate Nash equilibria in large zero-sum extensive-form games has received a tremendous amount of attention due mainly to the Annual Computer Poker Competition. Immediately after its inception, two competing and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-11-19 Kevin Waugh , J. Andrew Bagnell

In this article, we consider generalized Nash games where the associated constraint map is not necessarily self. The classical Nash equilibrium may not exist for such games and therefore we introduce the notion of best approximate solution…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-05 Asrifa Sultana , Shivani Valecha

We study the problem of computing an $\epsilon$-approximate Nash equilibrium of a two-player, bilinear game with a bounded payoff matrix $A \in \mathbb{R}^{m \times n}$, when the players' strategies are constrained to lie in simple sets. We…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-08 Ishani Karmarkar , Liam O'Carroll , Aaron Sidford

Nash equilibrium is a key concept in game theory fundamental for elucidating the equilibrium state of strategic interactions, finding applications in diverse fields such as economics, political science, and biology. However, the Nash…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Elie Eshoa , Ali R. Zomorrodi

Zero-sum games arise in a wide variety of problems, including robust optimization and adversarial learning. However, algorithms deployed for finding a local Nash equilibrium in these games often converge to non-Nash stationary points. This…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Kushagra Gupta , Xinjie Liu , Ross Allen , Ufuk Topcu , David Fridovich-Keil

We introduce, to our knowledge, the first direct second-order method for computing Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum games. To do so, we construct a Douglas-Rachford-style splitting formulation, which we then solve with a semi-smooth…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-12-16 David Yang , Yuan Gao , Tianyi Lin , Christian Kroer

We address the generalized Nash equilibrium seeking problem in a partial-decision information scenario, where each agent can only exchange information with some neighbors, although its cost function possibly depends on the strategies of all…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-14 Mattia Bianchi , Giuseppe Belgioioso , Sergio Grammatico

Nash equilibrium is perhaps the best-known solution concept in game theory. Such a solution assigns a strategy to each player which offers no incentive to unilaterally deviate. While a Nash equilibrium is guaranteed to always exist, the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-29 David Sychrovský , Christopher Solinas , Revan MacQueen , Kevin Wang , James R. Wright , Nathan R. Sturtevant , Michael Bowling

We suggest a novel stochastic-approximation algorithm to compute a symmetric Nash-equilibrium strategy in a general queueing game with a finite action space. The algorithm involves a single simulation of the queueing process with dynamic…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-08-30 Liron Ravner , Ran I. Snitkovsky

In zero-sum games, the optimal strategy is well-defined by the Nash equilibrium. However, it is overly conservative when playing against suboptimal opponents and it can not exploit their weaknesses. Limited look-ahead game solving in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-04 David Milec , Ondřej Kubíček , Viliam Lisý

We present a new, distributed method to compute approximate Nash equilibria in bimatrix games. In contrast to previous approaches that analyze the two payoff matrices at the same time (for example, by solving a single LP that combines the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-12 Artur Czumaj , Argyrios Deligkas , Michail Fasoulakis , John Fearnley , Marcin Jurdziński , Rahul Savani

Nash equilibrium is a fundamental solution concept in extensive-form games, while its efficient computation is still far from straightforward. This paper considers finite $n$-player extensive-form games with perfect recall under the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yuqing Hou

This paper introduces a new method to achieve stable convergence to Nash equilibrium in duopoly noncooperative games. Inspired by the recent fixed-time Nash Equilibrium seeking (NES) as well as prescribed-time extremum seeking (ES) and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-27 Victor Hugo Pereira Rodrigues , Tiago Roux Oliveira , Miroslav Krstić , Tamer Başar

Real-world games, which concern imperfect information, multiple players, and simultaneous moves, are less frequently discussed in the existing literature of game theory. While reinforcement learning (RL) provides a general framework to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Runyu Lu , Yuanheng Zhu , Dongbin Zhao

Since the seminal PPAD-completeness result for computing a Nash equilibrium even in two-player games, an important line of research has focused on relaxations achievable in polynomial time. In this paper, we consider the notion of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Argyrios Deligkas , Michail Fasoulakis , Evangelos Markakis

We study the problem of computing an Extensive-Form Perfect Equilibrium (EFPE) in 2-player games. This equilibrium concept refines the Nash equilibrium requiring resilience w.r.t. a specific vanishing perturbation (representing mistakes of…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-16 Gabriele Farina , Nicola Gatti

Distributed Nash equilibrium seeking of aggregative games is investigated and a continuous-time algorithm is proposed. The algorithm is designed by virtue of projected gradient play dynamics and distributed average tracking dynamics, and is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-12-07 Shu Liang , Peng Yi , Yiguang Hong , Kaixiang Peng