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We examine the possibility of coherent, reversible information transfer between solid-state superconducting qubits and ensembles of ultra-cold atoms. Strong coupling between these systems is mediated by a microwave transmission line…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-04-15 D. Petrosyan , G. Bensky , G. Kurizki , I. Mazets , J. Majer , J. Schmiedmayer

Rydberg EIT-based microwave sensing has limited microwave-to-optical conversion bandwidth due to fundamental limitation in the optical pumping rate to its dark state. We demonstrate a parametric six-wave mixing of optical probe and coupling…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2022-07-06 Tanim Firdoshi , Sujit Garain , Suman Mondal , Ashok K. Mohapatra

Using a shared microwave resonator, we propose a transduction scheme between superconducting qubits and qubit states encoded in the low-lying internal levels of trapped atomic systems. The approach employs atomic Rydberg levels together…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 Fernando L. Semião , Matthias Keller

Quantum transduction between the microwave and optical domains is an outstanding challenge for long-distance quantum networks based on superconducting qubits. For all transducers realized to date, the generally weak light-matter coupling…

We provide an experimental demonstration of a direct fiber-optic link for RF transmission ("radio-over-fiber") using a sensitive optical antenna based on a rubidium vapor cell. The scheme relies on measuring the transmission of laser light…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2018-05-29 A. B. Deb , N. Kjærgaard

Rydberg quantum sensors are sensitive to radio-frequency fields across an ultra-wide frequency range spanning megahertz to terahertz electromagnetic waves resonant with Rydberg atom dipole transitions. Here we demonstrate an atomic…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2024-07-12 Remy Legaie , Georg Raithel , David A. Anderson

State transfer between light and microwaves is a key challenge in quantum networks. Promising transducers use a mechanical intermediary that couples to both fields via radiation pressure. Such electro-optomechanical devices have achieved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Max P. Foreman , Jesse J. Slim , Warwick P. Bowen

A Rydberg superheterodyne sensing architecture is demonstrated in which a self-sustained oscillator (SSO) serves as a dynamically perturbed local oscillator (LO) for microwave detection. The SSO is realized by a phase-controlled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Darmindra Arumugam

We propose an implementation of a universal quantum gate between pairs of spatially separated atoms in a microwave cavity at finite temperature. The gate results from reversible laser excitation of Rydberg states of atoms interacting with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-24 Lőrinc Sárkány , József Fortágh , David Petrosyan

Helium atoms in the 1s50s $^3$S$_1$ Rydberg level have been resonantly coupled to the $2\pi\times11.721$ GHz second harmonic mode of a chip-based superconducting coplanar waveguide microwave resonator. To achieve this, the single-photon…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-08-29 L. L. Brown , I. K. Bhangoo , S. D. Hogan

Transduction of quantum signals between the microwave and the optical ranges will unlock powerful hybrid quantum systems enabling information processing with superconducting qubits and low-noise quantum networking through optical photons.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Furkan Sahbaz , James N. Eckstein , Dale J. Van Harlingen , Simeon I. Bogdanov

The phase noise of incident light fields can be converted into amplitude noise via absorption and dispersion effects in media under electromagnetically induced transparency. The conversion process is sensitive to two-photon detuning. This…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2021-11-30 Jun He , Qiang Liu , Ze Yang , Qiqi Niu , Xiaojuan Ban , Yijie Du , Junmin Wang

Linking classical microwave electrical circuits to the optical telecommunication band is at the core of modern communication. Future quantum information networks will require coherent microwave-to-optical conversion to link electronic…

Two-way microwave-optical quantum transduction is essential to connecting distant superconducting qubits via optical fiber, and to enable quantum networking at a large scale. In Bl\'esin, Tian, Bhave, and Kippenberg's article, ``Quantum…

We show that cold Rydberg gases enable an efficient six-wave mixing process where terahertz or microwave fields are coherently converted into optical fields and vice versa. This process is made possible by the long lifetime of Rydberg…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-10-12 Martin Kiffner , Amir Feizpour , Krzysztof T. Kaczmarek , Dieter Jaksch , Joshua Nunn

A protocol is discussed which allows one to realize a transducer for single photons between the optical and the microwave frequency range. The transducer is a spin ensemble, where the individual emitters possess both an optical and a…

Developing schemes for efficient and broad-band frequency conversion of quantum signals is an ongoing challenge in the field of modern quantum information. Especially the coherent conversion between microwave and optical signals is an…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-11-03 F. Engelhardt , V. A. S. V. Bittencourt , H. Huebl , O. Klein , S. Viola Kusminskiy

Microwave-optical quantum transduction is a key enabling technology in quantum networking, but has been plagued by a formidable technical challenge. As most microwave-optical-transduction techniques rely on three-wave mixing processes, the…

We propose a device architecture capable of direct quantum electro-optical conversion of microwave to optical photons. The hybrid system consists of a planar superconducting microwave circuit coupled to an integrated whispering-gallery-mode…

Photons at telecom wavelength are the ideal choice for high density interconnects while solid state qubits in the microwave domain offer strong interactions for fast quantum logic. Here we present a general purpose, quantum-enabled…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-30 Rishabh Sahu , William Hease , Alfredo Rueda , Georg Arnold , Liu Qiu , Johannes Fink