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Microwave-optical conversion is key to future networks of quantum devices, such as those based on superconducting technology. Conversion at the single quantum level requires strong nonlinearity, high bandwidth, and compatibility with a…

Quantum information technology based on solid state qubits has created much interest in converting quantum states from the microwave to the optical domain. Optical photons, unlike microwave photons, can be transmitted by fiber, making them…

The successes of superconducting quantum circuits at local manipulation of quantum information and photonics technology at long-distance transmission of the same have spurred interest in the development of quantum transducers for efficient,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-22 Marcelo Wu , Emil Zeuthen , Krishna Coimbatore Balram , Kartik Srinivasan

The conversion between microwave photons and optical photons with quantum coherence is important for quantum communication and computation. In this paper, we report a proposal using an ensemble of atoms coupled to microwave and optical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Mingxia Huo

The coherent interaction of Rydberg helium atoms with microwave fields in a $\lambda/4$ superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator has been exploited to probe the spectral characteristics of an individual resonator mode. This was achieved…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-24 D. M. Walker , A. A. Morgan , S. D. Hogan

Quantum communications technologies require a network of quantum processors connected with low loss and low noise communication channels capable of distributing entangled states. Superconducting microwave qubits operating in cryogenic…

We demonstrate microwave-to-optical conversion using six-wave mixing in $^{87}$Rb atoms where the microwave field couples to two atomic Rydberg states, and propagates collinearly with the converted optical field. We achieve a photon…

Microwave-to-optics transduction is emerging as a vital technology for scaling quantum computers and quantum networks. To establish useful entanglement links between qubit processing units, several key conditions have to be simultaneously…

Scaling up superconducting quantum processors remains a central challenge for realizing fault-tolerant quantum computation. Although distributed architectures based on optical photons offer a promising route to scalability, they require an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Kyosuke Goto , Hodaka Kurokawa , Hideo Kosaka , Kazuki Koshino

Electrically actuated optomechanical resonators provide a route to quantum-coherent, bidirectional conversion of microwave and optical photons. Such devices could enable optical interconnection of quantum computers based on qubits operating…

A highly excited Rydberg atom via electromagnetically induced transparency with two color cascading lasers has extreme sensitivity to electric fields of microwave ranging from 100 MHz to over 1 THz. It can be used as susceptible atom-based…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2021-11-15 M. H. Cai , Z. S. Xu , S. H. You , H. P. Liu

Low-loss fiber optic links have the potential to connect superconducting quantum processors together over long distances to form large scale quantum networks. A key component of these future networks is a quantum transducer that coherently…

A microwave-optical photon converter with high efficiency ($>50$ %) and low added noise ($\ll 1$ photon) could enable the creation of scalable quantum networks where quantum information is distributed optically and processed in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 M Khalifa , P S Kirwin , Jeff F Young , J Salfi

Bidirectional conversion of electrical and optical signals lies at the foundation of the global internet. Such converters are employed at repeater stations to extend the reach of long-haul fiber optic communication systems and within data…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-29 Mohammad Mirhosseini , Alp Sipahigil , Mahmoud Kalaee , Oskar Painter

A novel, copper-based plasmonic system is presented to provide optical to microwave photon conversion. The process uses highly excited levels in Cu2O Rydberg excitons and takes advantage of spoof plasmons, which allow for significant…

Optics · Physics 2025-02-19 David Ziemkiewicz , Sylwia Zielińska-Raczyńska

The ability to convert quantum states from microwave photons to optical photons is important for hybrid system approaches to quantum information processing. In this paper we report the up-conversion of a microwave signal into the optical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-12-23 Xavier Fernandez-Gonzalvo , Yu-Hui Chen , Chunming Yin , Sven Rogge , Jevon J. Longdell

Quantum states encoded in microwave photons or qubits can be effectively manipulated, whereas optical photons can be coherently transferred via optical fibre and waveguide. The reversible conversion of quantum states between microwave and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-01-20 Lin Tian

We describe a reversible quantum interface between an optical and a microwave field using a hybrid device based on their common interaction with a micro-mechanical resonator in a superconducting circuit. We show that, by employing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-10-08 Sh. Barzanjeh , M. Abdi , G. J. Milburn , P. Tombesi , D. Vitali

We perform a numerical and analytical investigation of microwave-to-optical conversion based on four-wave mixing in Rydberg atoms. Our work demonstrates that both all-resonant and off-resonant frequency-mixing configurations achieve…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2024-08-20 Ning Ji , Yanzhao Liang , Wanrang Yu , Qiuyu Yin , Thibault Vogt

Long-distance quantum communication requires entanglement between distant quantum memories. For this purpose, photon transmission is necessary to connect the distant memories. Here, for the first time, we develop a two-step frequency…