English
Related papers

Related papers: Counterfactual-based Incrementality Measurement in…

200 papers

Counterfactual data augmentation (CDA) is a method for controlling information or biases in training datasets by generating a complementary dataset with typically opposing biases. Prior work often either relies on hand-crafted rules or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Mitchell Plyler , Min Chi

It is common in the internet industry to use offline-developed algorithms to power online products that contribute to the success of a business. Offline-developed algorithms are guided by offline evaluation metrics, which are often…

Applications · Statistics 2020-12-16 Zenan Wang , Xuan Yin , Tianbo Li , Liangjie Hong

Despite large-scale pre-trained language models have achieved striking results for text classificaion, recent work has raised concerns about the challenge of shortcut learning. In general, a keyword is regarded as a shortcut if it creates a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Rui Song , Fausto Giunchiglia , Yingji Li , Hao Xu

Counterfactuals are central in causal human reasoning and the scientific discovery process. The uplift, also called conditional average treatment effect, measures the causal effect of some action, or treatment, on the outcome of an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Théo Verhelst , Denis Mercier , Jeevan Shrestha , Gianluca Bontempi

Real-Time Bidding (RTB) display advertising is a method for purchasing display advertising inventory in auctions that occur within milliseconds. The performance of RTB campaigns is generally measured with a series of Key Performance…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-07-02 Michael Tashman , Jiayi Xie , John Hoffman , Lee Winikor , Rouzbeh Gerami

The real-time bidding (RTB), aka programmatic buying, has recently become the fastest growing area in online advertising. Instead of bulking buying and inventory-centric buying, RTB mimics stock exchanges and utilises computer algorithms to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2013-06-28 Shuai Yuan , Jun Wang , Xiaoxue Zhao

Real-time bidding (RTB) systems, which utilize auctions to allocate user impressions to competing advertisers, continue to enjoy success in digital advertising. Assessing the effectiveness of such advertising remains a challenge in research…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Caio Waisman , Harikesh S. Nair , Carlos Carrion

Counterfactual fairness methods address the question: How would the prediction change if the sensitive identity attributes referenced in the text instance were different? These methods are entirely based on generating counterfactuals for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Mohit Wadhwa , Mohan Bhambhani , Ashvini Jindal , Uma Sawant , Ramanujam Madhavan

The autobidding system generates huge revenue for advertising platforms, garnering substantial research attention. Existing studies in autobidding systems focus on designing Autobidding Incentive Compatible (AIC) mechanisms, where the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Bingzhe Wang , Ruohan Qian , Yuejia Dou , Qi Qi , Bo Shen , Changyuan Li , Yixuan Zhang , Yixin Su , Xin Yuan , Wenqiang liu , Bin Zou , Wen Yi , Zhi Guo , Shuanglong Li , Liu Lin

The growth in the use of online advertising to foster brand awareness over recent years is largely attributable to the ubiquity of social media. One pivotal technology contributing to the success of online brand advertising is frequency…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Yuan Gao , Mu Qiao

Before A/B testing online a new version of a recommender system, it is usual to perform some offline evaluations on historical data. We focus on evaluation methods that compute an estimator of the potential uplift in revenue that could…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-23 Alexandre Gilotte , Clément Calauzènes , Thomas Nedelec , Alexandre Abraham , Simon Dollé

The reliance of text classifiers on spurious correlations can lead to poor generalization at deployment, raising concerns about their use in safety-critical domains such as healthcare. In this work, we propose to use counterfactual data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-10 Amir Feder , Yoav Wald , Claudia Shi , Suchi Saria , David Blei

Subscription services face a difficult problem when estimating the causal impact of content launches on acquisition. Customers buy subscriptions, not individual pieces of content, and once subscribed they may consume many pieces of content…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Hamidreza Badri , Alex Kaufman

This paper studies the measurement of advertising effects on online platforms when parallel experimentation occurs, that is, when multiple advertisers experiment concurrently. It provides a framework that makes precise how parallel…

General Economics · Economics 2024-03-01 Caio Waisman , Navdeep S. Sahni , Harikesh S. Nair , Xiliang Lin

We consider a causal inference problem frequently encountered in online advertising systems, where a publisher (e.g., Instagram, TikTok) interacts repeatedly with human users and advertisers by sporadically displaying to each user an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-06 Jia Yuan Yu

We address a practical problem ubiquitous in modern marketing campaigns, in which a central agent tries to learn a policy for allocating strategic financial incentives to customers and observes only bandit feedback. In contrast to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-12 Romain Lopez , Chenchen Li , Xiang Yan , Junwu Xiong , Michael I. Jordan , Yuan Qi , Le Song

Online advertising platforms use automated auctions to connect advertisers with potential customers, requiring effective bidding strategies to maximize profits. Accurate ad impact estimation requires considering three key factors: delayed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yuwei Cheng , Zifeng Zhao , Haifeng Xu

Data augmentation is essential when applying Machine Learning in small-data regimes. It generates new samples following the observed data distribution while increasing their diversity and variability to help researchers and practitioners…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Audrey Poinsot , Alessandro Leite

Comparison Lift is an experimentation-as-a-service (EaaS) application for testing online advertising audiences and creatives at JD.com. Unlike many other EaaS tools that focus primarily on fixed sample A/B testing, Comparison Lift deploys a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Tong Geng , Xiliang Lin , Harikesh S. Nair , Jun Hao , Bin Xiang , Shurui Fan

The spread of fake news harms individuals and presents a critical social challenge that must be addressed. Although numerous algorithmic and insightful features have been developed to detect fake news, many of these features can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Sungwon Park , Sungwon Han , Xing Xie , Jae-Gil Lee , Meeyoung Cha