Related papers: Measuring electron energy distribution by current …
The fluctuation dissipation theorem (FDT) is the basis for a microscopic description of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and matter.By assuming the electromagnetic radiation in thermal equilibrium and the interaction in the…
Nonlinearity in many systems is heavily dependent on component variation and environmental factors such as temperature. This is often overcome by keeping signals close enough to the device's operating point that it appears approximately…
Consider two Fermi gases with the same {\it average} currents: a transport gas, as in solid-state experiments where the chemical potentials of terminal 1 is $\mu+eV$ and of terminal 2 and 3 is $\mu$, and a beam, i.e., electrons entering…
Noise measurements are a probe beyond simple electronic transport that can reveal additional information about electronic correlations and inelastic processes. Here we report noise measurements in individual electromigrated nanojunctions,…
Self-supervised learning is an increasingly popular approach to unsupervised learning, achieving state-of-the-art results. A prevalent approach consists in contrasting data points and noise points within a classification task: this requires…
The frequency-dependent impedance is a fundamental property of electrical components. We show that it can be determined from the equilibrium dynamical fluctuations of the electrode charge in constant-potential molecular simulations,…
When a classical device suddenly perturbs a degenerate Fermi gas a semiclassical non-equilibrium Fermi state arises. Semiclassical Fermi states are characterized by a Fermi energy or Fermi momentum that slowly depends on space or/and time.…
We perform spin-noise spectroscopy on an unpolarized $^{87}\mathrm{Rb}$ vapor in the spin-exchange-relaxation-free (SERF) regime. We observe noise spectral distributions that deviate strongly from Lorentzian models that accurately describe…
Slow fluctuations of a qubit frequency are one of the major problems faced by quantum computers. To understand their origin it is necessary to go beyond the analysis of their spectra. We show that characteristic features of the fluctuations…
We study the distribution of resistance fluctuations of conducting thin films with different levels of internal disorder. The film is modeled as a resistor network in a steady state determined by the competition between two biased…
An expression that relates thermal current fluctuations in two terminal networks at quasi-equilibrium to their current voltage characteristics is presented. It is based upon the observation that the available thermal noise power at…
We report the statistical properties of the fluctuations of the energy flux in an electronic RC circuit driven with a stochastic voltage. The fluctuations of the power injected in the circuit are measured as a function of the damping rate…
Ultrafast optical excitation of metals induces a non-equilibrium energy distribution in the electronic system, with a characteristic step-structure determined by Pauli blocking. On a femtosecond timescale, electron-electron scattering…
We consider a diffusive S-N-S junction with electrons in the normal layer driven out of equilibrium by external bias. We show that, the non-equilibrium fluctuations of the electron density in the normal layer cause the fluctuations of the…
Science students must deal with the errors inherent to all physical measurements and be conscious of the need to expressvthem as a best estimate and a range of uncertainty. Errors are routinely classified as statistical or systematic.…
The statistics of electron transport in a quantum conductor is affected by fluctuations of its voltage bias. Here we show experimentally how a third order correlation in the electromagnetic field arises from the noise of a tunnel junction…
Long-ranged correlations generically exist in non-equilibrium fluid systems. In the case of a non-equilibrium steady state caused by a temperature gradient the correlations are especially long-ranged and strong. The anomalous light…
We present a stochastic approach for charge transport in transistors. In this approach, the electron and hole densities are governed by diffusion-reaction stochastic differential equations satisfying local detailed balance and the electric…
Shot-noise measures the correlations of fluctuations of current for a voltage applied much larger than the temperature and reveals aspects of correlations in fermions beyond those revealed in the conductivity. Recent measurements of…
The pattern of branched electron flow revealed by scanning gate microscopy shows the distribution of ballistic electron trajectories. The details of the pattern are determined by the correlated potential of remote dopants with an amplitude…