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The stationary thermionic electron emission currents from heated metals are compared against an analytical expression derived using a non equilibrium quantum Kappa energy distribution for the electrons. This later depends on the temperature…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-09-30 Juan-Luis Domenech-Garret , Sandra-P. Tierno , Luis Conde

Recent progress on micro- and nanometer scale manipulation has opened the possibility to probe systems small enough that thermal fluctuations of energy and coordinate variables can be significant compared with their mean behavior. We…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-11-02 O. -P. Saira , Y. Yoon , T. Tanttu , M. Möttönen , D. V. Averin , J. P. Pekola

We propose an alternative scenario for the propagation of thermal noise in a conductor. In this scenario, the noise in the emf (electromotive force) between two terminals cannot be described as a sum of contributions from uncorrelated…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-12 Jorge Berger , Guy Katriel

We study a Jarzysnki type equality for work in systems that are monitored using non-projective unsharp measurements. The information acquired by the observer from the outcome $f$ of an energy measurement, and the subsequent conditioned…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Daniel Alonso , Antonia Ruiz García

Consider a measurement in which the current coming out of a mesoscopic sample is filtered around a given frequency, amplified, measured and squared. Then this process is repeated many times and the results are averaged. Often, two such…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 U. Gavish , Y. Imry , Y. Levinson , B. Yurke

Medium field method is applied for studying valence electron behavior in metals. When different wave-vector electrons are attracted at low temperatures, distribution function gets discontinued. As a result, a specific energy gap occurs.

General Physics · Physics 2014-12-19 Boris Bondarev

The latest generation of transistors are nanoscale devices whose performance and reliability are limited by thermal noise in low-power applications. Therefore developing efficient methods to compute the voltage and current fluctuations in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-12-20 Ashwin Gopal , Massimiliano Esposito , Nahuel Freitas

The Kubo fluctuation-dissipation theorem relates the current fluctuations of a system in an equilibrium state with the linear AC-conductance. This theorem holds also out of equilibrium provided that the system is in a stationary state and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 U. Gavish , Y. Imry , B. Yurke

We discuss intrinsic mechanisms of nonequilibrium excess noise in superconducting devices and transition edge sensors. In particular, we present an overview of fluctuation-driven contributions to the current noise in the vicinity of the…

Superconductivity · Physics 2023-08-25 Juhun Kwak , Emil Pellett , Elio J. König , Alex Levchenko

Ultrafast relaxation dynamics of an athermal electron distribution is investigated in silver films using a femtosecond pump-probe technique with 18 fs pulses in off-resonant conditions. The results yield evidence for an increase with time…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-09-29 Natalia Del Fatti , Roland Bouffanais , Fabrice Vallée , Christos Flytzanis

A model calculation is given for the energy relaxation of a non-equilibrium distribution of hot electrons prepared in a metallic sample that has been subjected to homogeneous photo-excitation by a femtosecond laser pulse. The model assumes…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Navinder Singh

We present a new model for the Galactic distribution of free electrons. It (a) describes the distribution of the free electrons responsible for pulsar dispersion measures and thus can be used for estimating the distances to pulsars; (b)…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-29 J. M. Cordes , T. J. W. Lazio

Fluctuations affect nanoporous transport in complex and intricate ways, making optimization of signal-to-noise in artificial designs challenging. Here we focus on the simplest nanopore system, where non-interacting particles diffuse through…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-05-19 Sophie Marbach

We introduce the notion, and develop the theory of local-noise spectroscopy (LNS) - a tool to study the properties of systems far from equilibrium by means of flux density correlations. As a test bed, we apply it to biased molecular…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-02-11 Gabriel Cabra , Massimiliano Di Ventra , Michael Galperin

We report the measurement of the fluctuations of a transmon qubit through the noise spectrum of the microwave signal that measures its state. The amplitude of the Lorentzian noise power spectrum allows to determine the average qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-14 Agustin Palacios-Laloy , F. Mallet , F. Nguyen , F. Ong , P. Bertet , D. Vion , D. Esteve

We investigate protocols for optimal molecular detection with electromechanical nanoscale sensors in ambient conditions. Our models are representative of suspended graphene nanoribbons, which due to their piezoelectric and electronic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2020-01-27 Maicol A. Ochoa , Michael Zwolak

Energy detection is widely used in cognitive radio due to its low complexity. One fundamental challenge is that its performance degrades in the presence of noise uncertainty, which inevitably occurs in practical implementations. In this…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-10-10 Kezhi Wang , Yunfei Chen , Jiming Chen

We study the statistics of the fluctuating electron temperature in a metallic island coupled to reservoirs via resistive contacts and driven out of equilibrium by either a temperature or voltage difference between the reservoirs. The…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2013-04-04 Tero T. Heikkila , Yuli Nazarov

A new variational method for studying the equilibrium states of an interacting particles system has been proposed. The statistical description of the system is realized by means of a density matrix. This method is used for description of…

General Physics · Physics 2014-12-19 Boris Bondarev

It is shown that electron-electron interactions lead to a novel quantum-interference contribution to non-equilibrium current noise in mesoscopic conductors. The corresponding noise spectrum is obtained in detail for diffusive systems. It is…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2008-02-03 Felix von Oppen , Ady Stern