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The best known lower and upper bounds on the mixing time for the random-to-random insertions shuffle are $(1/2-o(1))n\log n$ and $(2+o(1))n\log n$. A long standing open problem is to prove that the mixing time exhibits a cutoff. In…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-03-19 Eliran Subag

In this paper, we study the biased random transposition shuffle, a natural generalization of the classical random transposition shuffle studied by Diaconis and Shahshahani. We diagonalize the transition matrix of the shuffle and use these…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-09-26 Evita Nestoridi , Alan Yan

We analyze the mixing time of a popular shuffling machine known as the shelf shuffler. It is a modified version of a $2m$-handed riffle shuffle ($m=10$ in casinos) in which a deck of $n$ cards is split multinomially into $2m$ piles, the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-10-24 Andrea Ottolini , Ray Chen

We introduce a new type of card shuffle called one-sided transpositions. At each step a card is chosen uniformly from the pack and then transposed with another card chosen uniformly from below it. This defines a random walk on the symmetric…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-23 Michael E. Bate , Stephen B. Connor , Oliver Matheau-Raven

In this paper, we investigate the properties of a random walk on the alternating group $A_n$ generated by $3$-cycles of the form $(i,n-1,n)$ and $(i,n,n-1)$. We call this the transpose top-$2$ with random shuffle. We find the spectrum of…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Subhajit Ghosh

We show that for any semi-random transposition shuffle on $n$ cards, the mixing time of any given $k$ cards is at most $n\log k$, provided $k=o((n/\log n)^{1/2})$. In the case of the top-to-random transposition shuffle we show that there is…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-02-12 Richard Pymar

We consider a random walk on the hyperoctahedral group $B_n$ generated by the signed permutations of the forms $(i,n)$ and $(-i,n)$ for $1\leq i\leq n$. We call this the flip-transpose top with random shuffle on $B_n$. We find the spectrum…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-05-03 Subhajit Ghosh

We present an overview of the representation theoretic techniques used to study the mixing times of random walks on finite groups. We focus on the card shuffle studied by Diaconis and Shahshahani in the 1980s and a recent improvement on…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-10 Ahmed Farah

We investigate the $k$-cycle shuffle on repeated cards, namely on a deck consisting of $l$ identical copies of each of $m$ card types, with total size $n=ml$. We establish asymptotic results for the total variation mixing of this shuffle,…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-31 Jiahe Shen

In this paper we study the mixing time of a biased transpositions shuffle on a set of $N$ cards with $N/2$ cards of two types. For a parameter $0<a \le 1$, one type of card is chosen to transpose with a bias of $\frac{a}{N}$ and the other…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-12 Megan Bernstein , Nayantara Bhatnagar , Igor Pak

In the Gilbert-Shannon-Reeds shuffle, a deck of $N$ cards is cut into two approximately equal parts which are then riffled uniformly at random. Bayer and Diaconis famously showed that this Markov chain undergoes cutoff in total variation…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-06-08 Mark Sellke

In the cyclic-to-random shuffle, we are given n cards arranged in a circle. At step k, we exchange the k'th card along the circle with a uniformly chosen random card. The problem of determining the mixing time of the cyclic-to-random…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Elchanan Mossel , Yuval Peres , Alistair Sinclair

The Diaconis--Gangolli random walk is an algorithm that generates an almost uniform random graph with prescribed degrees. In this paper, we study the mixing time of the Diaconis--Gangolli random walk restricted on $n\times n$ contingency…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-08-21 Evita Nestoridi , Oanh Nguyen

We use the correlation matrix of the generating distribution to determine the mixing time for random walks on the torus $(\mathbb{Z}/q\mathbb{Z})^n$. We present our method in the context of the Diaconis-Gangolli random walk on both the $1…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-16 Zihao Fang , Andrew Heeszel

Consider shuffling a deck of $n$ cards, labeled $1$ through $n$, as follows: at each time step, pick one card uniformly with your right hand and another card, independently and uniformly with your left hand; then swap the cards. How long…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-11-01 Vishesh Jain , Mehtaab Sawhney

A deck of $n$ cards is shuffled by repeatedly moving the top card to one of the bottom $k_n$ positions uniformly at random. We give upper and lower bounds on the total variation mixing time for this shuffle as $k_n$ ranges from a constant…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sharad Goel

We extend a technique for lower-bounding the mixing time of card-shuffling Markov chains, and use it to bound the mixing time of the Rudvalis Markov chain, as well as two variants considered by Diaconis and Saloff-Coste. We show that in…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-06-26 David Bruce Wilson

The cutoff phenomenon describes a sharp transition in the convergence of a family of ergodic finite Markov chains to equilibrium. Many natural families of chains are believed to exhibit cutoff, and yet establishing this fact is often…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-12-19 Eyal Lubetzky , Allan Sly

We prove an upper bound of $1.5324 n \log n$ for the mixing time of the random-to-random insertion shuffle, improving on the best known upper bound of $2 n \log n$. Our proof is based on the analysis of a non-Markovian coupling.

Probability · Mathematics 2014-12-02 Ben Morris , Chuan Qin

In this paper, we investigate the mixing time of the adjacent transposition shuffle for a deck of $N$ cards. We prove that around time $N^2\log N/(2\pi^2)$, the total variation distance to equilibrium of the deck distribution drops abruptly…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-03-31 Hubert Lacoin
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