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I introduce a formalism for representing the syntax of recursively structured graph-like patterns. It does not use production rules, like a conventional graph grammar, but represents the syntactic structure in a more direct and declarative…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Peter Fletcher

We now have a wide range of proof assistants available for compositional reasoning in monoidal or higher categories which are free on some generating signature. However, none of these allow us to represent categorical operations such as…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-15 Chiara Sarti , Jamie Vicary

We enhance the calculus of string diagrams for monoidal categories with hierarchical features in order to capture closed monoidal (and cartesian closed) structure. Using this new syntax we formulate an automatic differentiation algorithm…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Mario Alvarez-Picallo , Dan R. Ghica , David Sprunger , Fabio Zanasi

In this paper, we explore the interaction between two monoidal structures: a multiplicative one, for the encoding of pairing, and an additive one, for the encoding of choice. We propose a colored PROP to model computation in this framework,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Kostia Chardonnet , Marc de Visme , Benoît Valiron , Renaud Vilmart

Bimonoidal categories (also known as rig categories) are categories with two monoidal structures, one of which distributes over the other. We formally define sheet diagrams, a graphical calculus for bimonoidal categories that was informally…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-22 Cole Comfort , Antonin Delpeuch , Jules Hedges

The syntactic monoid of a language is generalized to the level of a symmetric monoidal closed category D. This allows for a uniform treatment of several notions of syntactic algebras known in the literature, including the syntactic monoids…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-06-17 Jiri Adamek , Stefan Milius , Henning Urbat

String diagrams are a powerful and intuitive graphical syntax, originated in the study of symmetric monoidal categories. In the last few years, they have found application in the modelling of various computational structures, in fields as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-02-04 Filippo Bonchi , Fabio Gadducci , Aleks Kissinger , Pawel Sobocinski , Fabio Zanasi

This article compares two multimodal resources that consist of diagrams which describe topics in elementary school natural sciences. Both resources contain the same diagrams and represent their structure using graphs, but differ in terms of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-09 Tuomo Hiippala

This document is an elementary introduction to string diagrams. It takes a computer science perspective: rather than using category theory as a starting point, we build on intuitions from formal language theory, treating string diagrams as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Robin Piedeleu , Fabio Zanasi

We introduce string diagrams for physical duoidal categories (normal $\otimes$-symmetric duoidal categories): they consist of string diagrams with wires forming a zigzag-free partial order and order-preserving nodes whose inputs and outputs…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-23 Mario Román

The multidimensional, heterogeneous, and temporal nature of speech databases raises interesting challenges for representation and query. Recently, annotation graphs have been proposed as a general-purpose representational framework for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Steven Bird , Peter Buneman , Wang-Chiew Tan

We introduce a novel compositional description of Feynman diagrams, with well-defined categorical semantics as morphisms in a dagger-compact category. Our chosen setting is suitable for infinite-dimensional diagrammatic reasoning,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-03 Razin A. Shaikh , Stefano Gogioso

Diagrammatic reasoning using string diagrams provides an intuitive language for reasoning about morphisms in a symmetric monoidal category. To allow working with infinite families of string diagrams, !-graphs were introduced as a method to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-11-06 David Quick

We introduce regular languages of morphisms in free monoidal categories, with their associated grammars and automata. These subsume the classical theory of regular languages of words and trees, but also open up a much wider class of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Matthew Earnshaw , Paweł Sobociński

We present a formal semantics and proof of soundness for shapes schemas, an expressive schema language for RDF graphs that is the foundation of Shape Expressions Language 2.0. It can be used to describe the vocabulary and the structure of…

Databases · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Iovka Boneva , Jose Emilio Labra Gayo , Eric G. Prud'hommeau

Central to near-term quantum machine learning is the use of hybrid quantum-classical algorithms. This paper develops a formal framework for describing these algorithms in terms of string diagrams: a key step towards integrating these hybrid…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Alexander Koziell-Pipe , Aleks Kissinger

We introduce monoidal streams. Monoidal streams are a generalization of causal stream functions, which can be defined in cartesian monoidal categories, to arbitrary symmetric monoidal categories. In the same way that streams provide…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Elena Di Lavore , Giovanni de Felice , Mario Román

We investigate the possibility of modelling the syntax and semantics of natural language by constraints, or rules, imposed by the multi-dimensional type theory Nabla. The only multiplicity we explicitly consider is two, namely one dimension…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Jørgen Villadsen

Many theories of semantic interpretation use lambda-term manipulation to compositionally compute the meaning of a sentence. These theories are usually implemented in a language such as Prolog that can simulate lambda-term operations with…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Seth Kulick

This paper investigates the use of symmetric monoidal closed (SMC) structure for representing syntax with variable binding, in particular for languages with linear aspects. In our setting, one first specifies an SMC theory T, which may…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-05-27 Richard Garner , Tom Hirschowitz , Aurélien Pardon