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Regular logic can be regarded as the internal language of regular categories, but the logic itself is generally not given a categorical treatment. In this paper, we understand the syntax and proof rules of regular logic in terms of the free…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-09-16 Brendan Fong , David Spivak

A number of domain specific languages, such as circuits or data-science workflows, are best expressed as diagrams of boxes connected by wires. Unfortunately, functional languages have traditionally been ill-equipped to embed this sort of…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Jean-Philippe Bernardy , Arnaud Spiwack

Chart annotations enhance visualization accessibility but suffer from fragmented, non-standardized representations that limit cross-platform reuse. We propose ChartMark, a structured grammar that separates annotation semantics from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Yiyu Chen , Yifan Wu , Shuyu Shen , Yupeng Xie , Leixian Shen , Hui Xiong , Yuyu Luo

A type theory is presented that combines (intuitionistic) linear types with type dependency, thus properly generalising both intuitionistic dependent type theory and full linear logic. A syntax and complete categorical semantics are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Matthijs Vákár

This note clarifies the concept of syntax and semantics and their relationships. Today, a lot of confusion arises from the fact that the word "semantics" is used in different meanings. We discuss a general approach at defining semantics…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-09-25 Bernhard Rumpe

This is a draft of the textbook/monograph that presents computability theory using string diagrams. The introductory chapters have been taught as graduate and undergraduate courses and evolved through 8 years of lecture notes. The later…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Dusko Pavlovic

The analysis of games played on graph-like structures is of increasing importance due to the prevalence of social networks, both virtual and physical, in our daily life. As well as being relevant in computer science, mathematical analysis…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Elena Di Lavore , Jules Hedges , Paweł Sobociński

String diagrams are a powerful and intuitive graphical syntax for terms of symmetric monoidal categories (SMCs). They find many applications in computer science and are becoming increasingly relevant in other fields such as physics and…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2016-12-01 Filippo Bonchi , Fabio Gadducci , Aleks Kissinger , Pawel Sobocinski , Fabio Zanasi

Proof nets are a syntax for linear logic proofs which gives a coarser notion of proof equivalence with respect to syntactic equality together with an intuitive geometrical representation of proofs. In this paper we give an alternative…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-06-21 Matteo Acclavio

As the use and diversity of diagrams across many disciplines grows, there is an increasing interest in the diagrams research community concerning how such diversity might be documented and explained. In this article, we argue that one way…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Tuomo Hiippala , John A. Bateman

The syntactic monoid of a language is generalized to the level of a symmetric monoidal closed category $\mathcal D$. This allows for a uniform treatment of several notions of syntactic algebras known in the literature, including the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Jiří Adamek , Stefan Milius , Henning Urbat

Motivated by deep learning regimes with multiple interacting yet distinct model components, we introduce learning diagrams, graphical depictions of training setups that capture parameterized learning as data rather than code. A learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-06 Mason Lary , Richard Samuelson , Alexander Wilentz , Alina Zare , Matthew Klawonn , James P. Fairbanks

We develop layered monoidal theories -- a generalisation of monoidal theories combining formal descriptions of a system at different levels of abstraction. Via their representation as string diagrams, monoidal theories provide a graphical…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Leo Lobski , Fabio Zanasi

Syntactic theory has traditionally adopted a constructivist approach, in which a set of atomic elements are manipulated by combinatory operations to yield derived, complex elements. Syntactic structure is thus seen as the result or discrete…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-01-01 Diego Gabriel Krivochen

Turi and Plotkin's bialgebraic semantics is an abstract approach to specifying the operational semantics of a system, by means of a distributive law between its syntax (encoded as a monad) and its dynamics (an endofunctor). This setup is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-07-03 Filippo Bonchi , Robin Piedeleu , Pawel Sobocinski , Fabio Zanasi

Boolean and quantum circuits have commonalities and differences. To formalize the syntactical commonality we introduce syntactic circuits where the gates are black boxes. Syntactic circuits support various semantics. One semantics is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-10-15 Andreas Blass , Yuri Gurevich

Digital circuits, despite having been studied for nearly a century and used at scale for about half that time, have until recently evaded a fully compositional theoretical in which arbitrary circuits may be freely composed together without…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Dan R. Ghica , George Kaye , David Sprunger

This paper describes a computational framework for a grammar architecture in which different linguistic domains such as morphology, syntax, and semantics are treated not as separate components but compositional domains. Word and phrase…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Cem Bozsahin , Elvan Gocmen

Diagrammatic, analogical or iconic representations are often contrasted with linguistic or logical representations, in which the shape of the symbols is arbitrary. The aim of this paper is to make a case for the usefulness of diagrams in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Catherine Recanati

We present a computational implementation of diagrammatic sets, a model of higher-dimensional diagram rewriting that is "topologically sound": diagrams admit a functorial interpretation as homotopies in cell complexes. This has potential…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-01 Amar Hadzihasanovic , Diana Kessler