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The method of constructing of Grothendieck's topology basing on a neighbourhood grammar, defined on the category of syntax diagrams is described in the article. Syntax diagrams of a formal language are the multigraphs with nodes, signed by…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2008-02-29 Vladimir Lapshin

Calculi of string diagrams are increasingly used to present the syntax and algebraic structure of various families of circuits, including signal flow graphs, electrical circuits and quantum processes. In many such approaches, the semantic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Brendan Fong , Fabio Zanasi

String diagrams are an increasingly popular algebraic language for the analysis of graphical models of computations across different research fields. Whereas string diagrams have been thoroughly studied as semantic structures, much less…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-04 Paul Wilson , Fabio Zanasi

String diagrammatic calculi have become increasingly popular in fields such as quantum theory, circuit theory, probabilistic programming, and machine learning, where they enable resource-sensitive and compositional algebraic analysis.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Gabriele Lobbia , Wojciech Różowski , Ralph Sarkis , Fabio Zanasi

This tutorial gives an advanced introduction to string diagrams and graph languages for higher-order computation. The subject matter develops in a principled way, starting from the two dimensional syntax of key categorical concepts such as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Dan Ghica , Fabio Zanasi

String diagrams provide a convenient graphical framework which may be used for equational reasoning about morphisms of monoidal categories. However, unlike term rewriting, rewriting string diagrams results in shorter equational proofs,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Vladimir Nikolaev Zamdzhiev

Railroad diagrams (also called "syntax diagrams") are a common, intuitive visualization of grammars, but limited tooling and a lack of formal attention to their layout mostly confines them to hand-drawn documentation. We present the first…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Shardul Chiplunkar , Clément Pit-Claudel

Linear/non-linear (LNL) models, as described by Benton, soundly model a LNL term calculus and LNL logic closely related to intuitionistic linear logic. Every such model induces a canonical enrichment that we show soundly models a LNL lambda…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Bert Lindenhovius , Michael Mislove , Vladimir Zamdzhiev

Symmetric monoidal categories (SMCs) are a common framework for reasoning about computation, focusing on the parallel and sequential compositionality of operations. String diagrams are a ubiquitous and powerful tool for reasoning about…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Benjamin Caldwell , William Spencer , Aleks Kissinger , Robert Rand

String diagrams are pictorial representations for morphisms of symmetric monoidal categories. They constitute an intuitive and expressive graphical syntax, which has found application in a very diverse range of fields including concurrency…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Aleksandar Milosavljevic , Robin Piedeleu , Fabio Zanasi

We propose a graphical language that accommodates two monoidal structures: a multiplicative one for pairing and an additional one for branching. In this colored PROP, whether wires in parallel are linked through the multiplicative structure…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Kostia Chardonnet , Marc de Visme , Benoît Valiron , Renaud Vilmart

We introduce a general diagrammatic theory of digital circuits, based on connections between monoidal categories and graph rewriting. The main achievement of the paper is conceptual, filling a foundational gap in reasoning syntactically and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-03-31 Dan R. Ghica , Achim Jung , Aliaume Lopez

Traditional treatments of formal logic provide: 1. A syntax for formulas. 2. An inference relation between sets of formulas. 3. A rule for assigning meaning to formulas (semantics) that is sound with respect to the inference relation. First…

Logic · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Atish Bagchi , Charles Wells

We introduce nominal string diagrams as, string diagrams internal in the category of nominal sets. This requires us to take nominal sets as a monoidal category, not with the cartesian product, but with the separated product. To this end, we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Samuel Balco , Alexander Kurz

We introduce collages of string diagrams as a diagrammatic syntax for glueing multiple monoidal categories. Collages of string diagrams are interpreted as pointed bimodular profunctors. As the main examples of this technique, we introduce…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-15 Dylan Braithwaite , Mario Román

Symmetric monoidal theories (SMTs) generalise algebraic theories in a way that make them suitable to express resource-sensitive systems, in which variables cannot be copied or discarded at will. In SMTs, traditional tree-like terms are…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-09-16 Filippo Bonchi , Fabio Gadducci , Aleks Kissinger , Pawel Sobocinski , Fabio Zanasi

A popular graphical calculus for monoidal categories makes computations tactile and intuitive. Complicated diagram chases can be expressed in a few pictures and discovered by playing with a shoelace. Joyal and Street's proof of the…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2018-03-05 David Jaz Myers

We examine a variant of hypergraphs that we call interfaced linear hypergraphs, with the aim of creating a sound and complete graphical language for symmetric traced monoidal categories (STMCs) suitable for graph rewriting. In particular,…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-22 George Kaye

Whereas string diagrams for strict monoidal categories are well understood, and have found application in several fields of Computer Science, graphical formalisms for non-strict monoidal categories are far less studied. In this paper, we…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-06 Paul Wilson , Dan Ghica , Fabio Zanasi

This chapter provides an introduction to the use of diagrammatic language, or perhaps more accurately, diagrammatic calculus, in quantum information and quantum foundations. We illustrate the use of diagrammatic calculus in one particular…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-12 Bob Coecke , Ross Duncan , Aleks Kissinger , Quanlong Wang