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We consider a minimal model for quantum thermalization of coupled chaotic subsystems. The route towards ergodicity is explored as a function of the coupling strength. The results are contrasted with the predictions of standard Random Matrix…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-23 Amichay Vardi , Doron Cohen

There is a dichotomy in the nonequilibrium dynamics of quantum many body systems. In the presence of integrability, expectation values of local operators equilibrate to values described by a generalized Gibbs ensemble, which retains…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-05-15 Neil J. Robinson , Andrew J. A. James , Robert M. Konik

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) was developed as a framework for understanding how the principles of statistical mechanics emerge in the long-time limit of isolated quantum many-body systems. Since then, ETH has shifted the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-01 Elisa Vallini , Laura Foini , Silvia Pappalardi

An isolated quantum many-body system in an initial pure state will come to thermal equilibrium if it satisfies the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). We consider alternatives to ETH that have been proposed. We first show that von…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-03-15 Marcos Rigol , Mark Srednicki

We verify that the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) holds universally for locally interacting quantum many-body systems. Introducing random-matrix ensembles with interactions, we numerically obtain a distribution of maximum…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-03-31 Shoki Sugimoto , Ryusuke Hamazaki , Masahito Ueda

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) explains how generic quantum many-body systems thermalize internally. It implies that local operators' time-averaged expectation values approximately equal their thermal expectation values,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-12 Aleksander Lasek , Jae Dong Noh , Jade LeSchack , Nicole Yunger Halpern

Eigenstate thermalization hypothesis is a detailed statement of the matrix elements of few-body operators in energy eigenbasis of a chaotic Hamiltonian. Part of the statement is that the off-diagonal elements fall exponential for large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-25 Nilakash Sorokhaibam

Quantum thermalization is well understood via the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH). The general form of ETH, describing all the relevant correlations of matrix elements, may be derived on the basis of a `typicality' argument of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-03-30 Silvia Pappalardi , Laura Foini , Jorge Kurchan

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) describes the properties of diagonal and off-diagonal matrix elements of local operators in the eigenenergy basis. In this work, we propose a relation between (i) the singular behaviour of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Luca Capizzi , Jiaozi Wang , Xiansong Xu , Leonardo Mazza , Dario Poletti

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) is a framework for discussing thermal behavior originating from chaotic dynamics in isolated many-body quantum systems. The PXP model, where certain states do not thermalize, has been compared…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-17 Maanav Srihari , Anil Shaji

We investigate steady states of macroscopic quantum systems under dissipation not obeying the detailed balance condition. We argue that the Gibbs state at an effective temperature gives a good description of the steady state provided that…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-04-17 Tatsuhiko Shirai , Takashi Mori

Matrix elements of observables in eigenstates of generic Hamiltonians are described by the Srednicki ansatz within the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH). We study a quantum chaotic spin-fermion model in a one-dimensional lattice,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-09-28 C. Schönle , D. Jansen , F. Heidrich-Meisner , L. Vidmar

It is commonly believed that quantum isolated systems satisfying the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) are diffusive. We show that this assumption is too restrictive, since there are systems that are asymptotically in a thermal…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-10-25 David J. Luitz , Yevgeny Bar Lev

The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) provides a sufficient condition for thermalization of isolated quantum systems. While the standard ETH is formulated in the absence of degeneracy, physical systems often possess symmetries that…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-27 Soma Onoda , Osamu Fukushima , Ryusuke Hamazaki , Okuto Morikawa

We report an example of a many-body system, derived from the double kicked top (DKT), with non-chaotic yet mean-ergodic dynamics that displays \textit{strong} eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) in the quantum regime. The analysis…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-26 Avadhut V. Purohit , Harshit Sharma , Udaysinh T. Bhosale

Complexity of dynamics is at the core of quantum many-body chaos and exhibits a hierarchical feature: higher-order complexity implies more chaotic dynamics. Conventional ergodicity in thermalization processes is a manifestation of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-05-06 Kazuya Kaneko , Eiki Iyoda , Takahiro Sagawa

The ETH ansatz for matrix elements of a given operator in the energy eigenstate basis results in a notion of thermalization for a chaotic system. In this context for a certain quantity - to be found for a given model - one may impose a…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-08-15 Mohsen Alishahiha

We present a detailed analysis of the connection between chaos and the onset of thermalization in the spin-boson Dicke model. This system has a well-defined classical limit with two degrees of freedom, and it presents both regular and…

The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis (ETH) is the leading conjecture for the emergence of statistical mechanics in generic isolated quantum systems and is formulated in terms of the matrix elements of operators. An analog known as the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-10-04 Siddharth Jindal , Pavan Hosur

Deriving conditions under which a macroscopic system thermalizes directly from the underlying quantum many-body dynamics of its microscopic constituents is a long-standing challenge in theoretical physics. The well-known eigenstate…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-02 Lennart Dabelow , Patrick Vorndamme , Peter Reimann