Related papers: Leaf growth is conformal
Leaves, i.e., vertices of degree one, can play a significant role in graph structure, especially in sparsely connected settings in which leaves often constitute the largest fraction of vertices. We consider a leaf-based counterpart of the…
Studying shape changing thick surfaces induced by differential growth helps us understand morphogenesis in biology and offers opportunities for device design. While ideal 2D differential growth maps have been well studied for both isotropic…
Shape is one of the important characteristics for the structures observed in living organisms. Whereas biologists have proposed models where the shape is controlled on a molecular level [1], physicists, following Turing [2] and d'Arcy…
Growing tissues are highly dynamic, flowing on sufficiently long time-scales due to cell proliferation, migration and tissue remodeling. As a consequence, living tissues can be approximated as liquids. This means the shape of microtissues…
Leaves and flowers frequently have a characteristic rippling pattern at their edges. Recent experiments found similar patterns in torn plastic. These patterns can be reproduced by imposing metrics upon thin sheets. The goal of this paper is…
The investigation of leaf-level traits in response to varying environmental conditions has immense importance for understanding plant ecology. Remote sensing technology enables measurement of the reflectance of plants to make inferences…
Deep learning involves navigating a high-dimensional loss landscape over the neural network parameter space. Over the course of training, complex computational structures form and re-form inside the neural network, leading to shifts in…
Plants have developed different tropisms: in particular, they re-orient the growth of their branches towards light (phototropism) or upwards (gravitropism). How these tropisms affect the shape of a tree crown remains unanswered. We address…
One might ask why is it important to know the mechanism of fracture in leaves when Mother Nature is doing her job perfectly. I could list the following reasons to address that question: (a) Leaves are natural composite structures, during…
Deformations of cell sheets during morphogenesis are driven by developmental processes such as cell division and cell shape changes. In morphoelastic shell theories of development, these processes appear as variations of the intrinsic…
There is a warning light for the loss of plant habitats worldwide that entails concerted efforts to conserve plant biodiversity. Thus, plant species classification is of crucial importance to address this environmental challenge. In recent…
Computer simulations and scaling theory are used to investigate the damping of oscillations during epitaxial growth on high-symmetry surfaces. The crossover from smooth to rough growth takes place after the deposition of (D/F)^\delta…
As a two-dimensional material, graphene can be naturally obtained via epitaxial growth on a suitable substrate. Growth condition optimization usually requires an atomistic level understanding of the growth mechanism. In this article, we…
The irreversible growth of magnetic films is studied in three-dimensional confined geometries of size $L\times L\times M$, where $M\gg L$ is the growing direction. Competing surface magnetic fields, applied to opposite corners of the…
A common developmental process, called branching morphogenesis, generates the epithelial trees in a variety of organs, including the lungs, kidneys, and glands. How branching morphogenesis can create epithelial architectures of very…
Tracking of plant cells in images obtained by microscope is a challenging problem due to biological phenomena such as large number of cells, non-uniform growth of different layers of the tightly packed plant cells and cell division.…
Branching morphogenesis generates epithelial trees which facilitate gas exchange, filtering, as well as secretion processes with their large surface to volume ratio. In this review, we focus on the developmental mechanisms that control the…
A common feature of mycorrhizal observation is the growth of the infection on the plant root as a percent of the infected root or root tip length. Often, this is measured as a logistic curve with an eventual, though usually transient,…
The dispersion of plant pathogens, such as rust spores, is responsible for more than 20% of global yield loss annually, and poses a significant threat to human health. However, the release mechanics of pathogens from flexible plant surfaces…
We simulate a two dimensional model of self-propelled particles confined by a deformable boundary. The particles tend to accumulate near the boundary and the shape of the boundary deforms upon the collisions. We find that there are two…