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We describe a technique for surface and sub-surface micro-machining of glass substrates using tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses at a wavelength of 1660 nm. Although silicate glass is normally transparent at this wavelength, the…

Vector and vortex laser beams are desired in many applications and are usually created by manipulating the laser output or by inserting optical components in the laser cavity. Distinctly, inserting liquid crystals into the laser cavity…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-11-14 Urban Mur , Miha Ravnik

Overlapping fish-scale architectures are among nature's most distinctive surface adaptations, combining protection, contact regulation, hydrodynamics, optical and directional mechanical response within a thin textured integument. Here, we…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2026-04-16 Omid Bateniparvar , Farzan Farahmand , Ranajay Ghosh

This letter is the first demonstration of material modification using tightly focused femtosecond laser vortex beams. Double-charge femtosecond vortices were synthesized with the polarization-singularity beam converter described in Ref [1]…

Dewetting of thin metal films is one of the most widespread method for functional plasmonic nanostructures fabrication. However, simple thermal-induced dewetting does not allow to control degree of nanostructures order without additional…

Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) has transformed the way we visualize biological tissues in three dimensions, offering high-resolution imaging while minimizing photo-induced damage to the samples. Recent breakthroughs in…

Optics · Physics 2025-05-27 Alireza Tabatabaei Mashayekh , Jeremy Witzens

Multilayer metasurfaces provide substantially greater spectral design freedom than single-layer devices, yet their implementation in the visible and near-infrared remains limited by the complexity, cost, and low throughput of conventional…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-21 A. Bilgehan Baspinar , Phillippe Pearson , Andrei Faraon

Optical skyrmions are structured vector fields with nontrivial polarization topology and subwavelength-scale features. One common approach to generating optical skyrmions is the superposition of a zeroth-order Bessel beam and a higher-order…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-26 Donghyun Park , Alex Song , Haejun Chung , Sejeong Kim

Biologically inspired photonic structures are the key for technological advances and for miniaturized lasers. Here random lasers in dye-doped titania with the disordered structure of paper are proposed. Sharp electromagnetic resonances with…

Colors observed in nature are very important to form our perception of an object as well as its design. The desire to reproduce vivid colors such as those found in birds, fishes, flowers and insects has driven extensive research into…

Pushing the limits of precision and reproducibility in ultrafast laser-based nanostructuring requires detailed control over the properties of the illumination. Most traditional methods of laser-based manufacturing rely on the simplicity of…

Optics · Physics 2023-06-13 Camilo Florian , Xiaohan Du , Craig B. Arnold

We present a novel approach for tailoring the laser induced surface topography upon femtosecond-fs pulsed laser irradiation. The method employs spatially controlled double fs laser pulses to actively regulate the hydrodynamic microfluidic…

Optics · Physics 2022-04-14 F. Fraggelakis , G. D. Tsibidis , E. Stratakis

We present a theoretical framework for new structural metamaterials we refer to as liquid structures: a topology of bistable mechanisms made up of a high number of cells that are sub-mechanisms composed of pseudo-rigid links and joints. The…

Classical Physics · Physics 2021-10-01 Paolo Gallina , Massimiliano Gei , Lorenzo Scalera , Stefano Seriani

Laser-induced modification of transparent solids by intense femtosecond laser pulses allows fast integration of nanophotonic and nanofluidic devices with controlled optical properties. So far, the local and dynamic nature of the…

Femtosecond laser surface processing (FLSP) is an emerging fabrication technique to efficiently control the surface morphology of many types of materials including metals. However, the theoretical understanding of the FLSP formation…

In this paper the formation mechanisms of the femtosecond laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) are discussed. One of the most frequently-used theories explains the structures by interference between the incident laser beam and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2014-02-06 E. L. Gurevich , S. V. Gurevich

Porous structures are intricate solid materials with numerous small pores, extensively used in fields like medicine, chemical engineering, and aerospace. However, the design of such structures using computer-aided tools is a time-consuming…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Gao Depeng , Gao Yang , Lin Hongwei

Periodic plasmonic arrays making possible excitations of surface lattice resonances (SLRs) or quasi-resonant features are of great importance for biosensing and other applications. Fabrication of such arrays over a large area is typically…

Femtosecond laser micromachining provides high precision and less thermal diffusion in surface structuring as a result of the ultrashort temporal duration and ultrahigh peak intensity of the femtosecond laser pulses. To increase the…

Optics · Physics 2018-01-17 Yuanxin Tan , Wei Chu , Jintian Lin , Zhiwei Fang , Yang Liao , Ya Cheng

We describe a micro-fabrication method to create concave features with ultra-low surface roughness in silica, either on the end facets of optical fibers or on flat substrates. The machining uses a single focused CO2 laser pulse. Parameters…