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Many well-established anomaly detection methods use the distance of a sample to those in its local neighbourhood: so-called `local outlier methods', such as LOF and DBSCAN. They are popular for their simple principles and strong performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Adam Goodge , Bryan Hooi , See Kiong Ng , Wee Siong Ng

Using the intuition that out-of-distribution data have lower likelihoods, a common approach for out-of-distribution detection involves estimating the underlying data distribution. Normalizing flows are likelihood-based generative models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Seyedeh Fatemeh Razavi , Mohammad Mahdi Mehmanchi , Reshad Hosseini , Mostafa Tavassolipour

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is an important task in machine learning systems for ensuring their reliability and safety. Deep probabilistic generative models facilitate OOD detection by estimating the likelihood of a data sample.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Jaemoo Choi , Changyeon Yoon , Jeongwoo Bae , Myungjoo Kang

Outlier detection is a well-researched and crucial problem in machine learning. However, there is little research on string data outlier detection, as most literature focuses on outlier detection of numerical data. A robust string data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Philip Maus

LiDAR-based 3D object detectors have achieved unprecedented speed and accuracy in autonomous driving applications. However, similar to other neural networks, they are often biased toward high-confidence predictions or return detections…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Aldi Piroli , Vinzenz Dallabetta , Johannes Kopp , Marc Walessa , Daniel Meissner , Klaus Dietmayer

Outlier detection refers to the identification of anomalous samples that deviate significantly from the distribution of normal data and has been extensively studied and used in a variety of practical tasks. However, most unsupervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Can Gao , Xiaofeng Tan , Jie Zhou , Weiping Ding , Witold Pedrycz

It is common practice of the outlier mining community to repurpose classification datasets toward evaluating various detection models. To that end, often a binary classification dataset is used, where samples from one of the classes is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Lingxiao Zhao , Leman Akoglu

Outlier detection and cluster number estimation is an important issue for clustering real data. This paper focuses on spectral clustering, a time-tested clustering method, and reveals its important properties related to outliers. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-06 Takuro Ina , Atsushi Hashimoto , Masaaki Iiyama , Hidekazu Kasahara , Mikihiko Mori , Michihiko Minoh

The combination of the Internet of Things and the Edge Computing gives many opportunities to support innovative applications close to end users. Numerous devices present in both infrastructures can collect data upon which various processing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Kostas Kolomvatsos , Christos Anagnostopoulos

By now, most outlier-detection algorithms struggle to accurately detect both point anomalies and cluster anomalies simultaneously. Furthermore, a few K-nearest-neighbor-based anomaly-detection methods exhibit excellent performance on many…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Kaituo Zhang , Wei Huang , Bingyang Zhang , Jinshan Xu , Xuhua Yang

Outlier detection is a fundamental data science task with applications ranging from data cleaning to network security. Given the fundamental nature of the task, this has been the subject of much research. Recently, a new class of outlier…

Databases · Computer Science 2016-12-26 Jiongqian Liang , Srinivasan Parthasarathy

Anomaly detection in spatiotemporal data is a challenging problem encountered in a variety of applications including hyperspectral imaging, video surveillance and urban traffic monitoring. In the case of urban traffic data, anomalies refer…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-02 Seyyid Emre Sofuoglu , Selin Aviyente

The ability to detect out-of-distribution data is essential not only for ensuring robustness against unknown or unexpected input data but also for improving the generalization performance of the model. Among various out-of-distribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Akito Shinohara , Kohei Fukuda , Hiroaki Aizawa

Object detection is a pivotal task in computer vision that has received significant attention in previous years. Nonetheless, the capability of a detector to localise objects out of the training distribution remains unexplored. Whilst…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Brian K. S. Isaac-Medina , Yona Falinie A. Gaus , Neelanjan Bhowmik , Toby P. Breckon

An outlier is an observation or a data point that is far from rest of the data points in a given dataset or we can be said that an outlier is away from the center of mass of observations. Presence of outliers can skew statistical measures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Amulya Agarwal , Nitin Gupta

Clustering analysis is one of the critical tasks in machine learning. Traditionally, clustering has been an independent task, separate from outlier detection. Due to the fact that the performance of clustering can be significantly eroded by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-12 Jiahao Deng , Eli T. Brown

Outlier detection identifies data points that significantly deviate from the majority of the data distribution. Explaining outliers is crucial for understanding the underlying factors that contribute to their detection, validating their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tommaso Amico , Pernille Matthews , Lena Krieger , Arthur Zimek , Ira Assent

Community detection is a fundamental task in graph analysis, with methods often relying on fitting models like the Stochastic Block Model (SBM) to observed networks. While many algorithms can accurately estimate SBM parameters when the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-05 Leonardo Martins Bianco , Christine Keribin , Zacharie Naulet

In collaborative outlier detection, multiple participants exchange their local detectors trained on decentralized devices without exchanging their own data. A key problem of collaborative outlier detection is efficiently aggregating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Kitty Li , Ninh Pham

Outliers are the points which are different from or inconsistent with the rest of the data. They can be novel, new, abnormal, unusual or noisy information. Outliers are sometimes more interesting than the majority of the data. The main…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-06-20 Singh Vijendra , Pathak Shivani