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As AI-based applications become pervasive, CPU vendors are starting to incorporate matrix engines within the datapath to boost efficiency. Systolic arrays have been the premier architectural choice as matrix engines in offload accelerators.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Geonhwa Jeong , Eric Qin , Ananda Samajdar , Christopher J. Hughes , Sreenivas Subramoney , Hyesoon Kim , Tushar Krishna

We present exa-AMD, an open-source, high-performance framework designed for accelerated materials discovery on modern supercomputers. exa-AMD overcomes key computational bottlenecks in large-scale structure prediction through task-based…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-12-11 Weiyi Xia , Maxim Moraru , Ying Wai Li , Cai-Zhuang Wang

As memory increasingly dominates system cost and energy, heterogeneous on-chip memory systems that combine technologies with complementary characteristics are becoming essential. Gain Cell RAM (GCRAM) offers higher density, lower power, and…

The computation and memory-intensive nature of DNNs limits their use in many mobile and embedded contexts. Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) hardware accelerators employ matrix multiplication units (such as the systolic arrays)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Ruiqi Sun , Yinchen Ni , Xin He , Jie Zhao , An Zou

The key challenge to improving performance in the age of Dark Silicon is how to leverage transistors when they cannot all be used at the same time. In modern SOCs, these transistors are often used to create specialized accelerators which…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Ardavan Pedram , Stephen Richardson , Sameh Galal , Shahar Kvatinsky , Mark A. Horowitz

The rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) is pushing AI accelerators toward increasingly powerful and specialized designs. Instead of further complicating software development with deeply hierarchical scratchpad memories (SPMs) and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Zhongchun Zhou , Chengtao Lai , Yuhang Gu , Wei Zhang

The increasing complexity of transformer models in artificial intelligence expands their computational costs, memory usage, and energy consumption. Hardware acceleration tackles the ensuing challenges by designing processors and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-21 Alireza Amirshahi , Giovanni Ansaloni , David Atienza

Neural architectures and hardware accelerators have been two driving forces for the progress in deep learning. Previous works typically attempt to optimize hardware given a fixed model architecture or model architecture given fixed…

Various state-of-the-art automated reasoning (AR) tools are widely used as backend tools in research of knowledge representation and reasoning as well as in industrial applications. In testing and verification, those tools often run…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Johannes K. Fichte , Norbert Manthey , Julian Stecklina , André Schidler

The rapid growth of large-language models (LLMs) is driving a new wave of specialized hardware for inference. This paper presents the first workload-centric, cross-architectural performance study of commercial AI accelerators, spanning…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Amit Sharma

The performance bottleneck of deep-learning-based recommender systems resides in their backbone Deep Neural Networks. By integrating Processing-In-Memory~(PIM) architectures, researchers can reduce data movement and enhance energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Feng Cheng , Tunhou Zhang , Junyao Zhang , Jonathan Hao-Cheng Ku , Yitu Wang , Xiaoxuan Yang , Hai , Li , Yiran Chen

The next generation HPC and data centers are likely to be reconfigurable and data-centric due to the trend of hardware specialization and the emergence of data-driven applications. In this paper, we propose ARENA -- an asynchronous…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Cheng Tan , Chenhao Xie , Tong Geng , Andres Marquez , Antonino Tumeo , Kevin Barker , Ang Li

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has witnessed remarkable growth, particularly through the proliferation of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). These powerful models drive technological advancements across various domains. However, to harness their…

In-memory computing is an emerging computing paradigm that overcomes the limitations of exiting Von-Neumann computing architectures such as the memory-wall bottleneck. In such paradigm, the computations are performed directly on the data…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Mohammed E. Fouda , Hasan Erdem Yantir , Ahmed M. Eltawil , Fadi Kurdahi

Today, using multiple heterogeneous accelerators efficiently from applications and high-level frameworks, such as TensorFlow and Caffe, poses significant challenges in three respects: (a) sharing accelerators, (b) allocating available…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-03 Manos Pavlidakis , Stelios Mavridis , Antony Chazapis , Giorgos Vasiliadis , Angelos Bilas

In-memory analog matrix computing (AMC) with resistive random-access memory (RRAM) represents a highly promising solution that solves matrix problems in one step. However, the existing AMC circuits each have a specific connection topology…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Lunshuai Pan , Shiqing Wang , Pushen Zuo , Zhong Sun

SRAM Processing-in-Memory (PIM) has emerged as the most promising implementation for high-performance PIM, delivering superior computing density, energy efficiency, and computational precision. However, the pursuit of higher performance…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yuanpeng Zhang , Xing Hu , Xi Chen , Zhihang Yuan , Cong Li , Jingchen Zhu , Zhao Wang , Chenguang Zhang , Xin Si , Wei Gao , Qiang Wu , Runsheng Wang , Guangyu Sun

Given their increasing size and complexity, the need for efficient execution of deep neural networks has become increasingly pressing in the design of heterogeneous High-Performance Computing (HPC) and edge platforms, leading to a wide…

Content addressable memory (CAM) stands out as an efficient hardware solution for memory-intensive search operations by supporting parallel computation in memory. However, developing a CAM-based accelerator architecture that achieves…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Mengyuan Li , Shiyi Liu , Mohammad Mehdi Sharifi , X. Sharon Hu

Image processing and machine learning applications benefit tremendously from hardware acceleration, but existing compilers target either FPGAs, which sacrifice power and performance for flexible hardware, or ASICs, which rapidly become…