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We find the asymptotic total variation distance between two distributions on configurations of m balls in n labeled bins: in the first, each ball is placed in a bin uniformly at random; in the second, k balls are planted in an arbitrary but…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-05-16 William Perkins

We study the long-term behavior of the two-thinning variant of the classical balls-and-bins model. In this model, an overseer is provided with uniform random allocation of $m$ balls into $n$ bins in an on-line fashion. For each ball, the…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-03-11 Ohad N. Feldheim , Ori Gurel-Gurevich , Jiange Li

We introduce an urn model which describes spatial separation of sand. In this dynamical model, in a certain range of parameters spontaneous symmetry breaking takes place and equipartitioning of sand into two compartments is broken. The…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 Adam Lipowski , Michel Droz

We consider the urn setting with two different objects, ``good'' and ``bad'', and analyze the number of draws without replacement until a good object is picked. Although the expected number of draws for this setting is a standard textbook…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-04-07 John Ahlgren

Two classical stochastic processes are considered, the Ehrenfest process, introduced in 1907 in the kinetic theory of gases to describe the heat exchange between two bodies and the Engset process, one of the early (1918) stochastic models…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-09-02 Mathieu Feuillet , Philippe Robert

A certain sampling process, concerning an urn with balls of two colors, proposed in 1965 by B.E. Oakley and R.L. Perry, and discussed by Peter Winkler and Martin Gardner, that has an extremely simple answer for the probability, namely the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-08 Shalosh B. Ekhad , Doron Zeilberger

A cyclic urn is an urn model for balls of types $0,\ldots,m-1$. The urn starts at time zero with an initial configuration. Then, in each time step, first a ball is drawn from the urn uniformly and independently from the past. If its type is…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-03-14 Noela Müller , Ralph Neininger

An urn contains black and red balls. Let $Z_n$ be the proportion of black balls at time $n$ and $0\leq L<U\leq 1$ random barriers. At each time $n$, a ball $b_n$ is drawn. If $b_n$ is black and $Z_{n-1}<U$, then $b_n$ is replaced together…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-08-27 Patrizia Berti , Irene Crimaldi , Luca Pratelli , Pietro Rigo

In classical urn models, one usually draws one ball with replacement at each time unit and then adds one ball of the same colour. Given a weight sequence $(w_k)_{k\in\N}$, the probability of drawing a ball of a certain colour is…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-01-18 Mickaël Launay

We estimate the mixing time of the a nonreversible finite Markov chain called Repeated Balls-into-Bins (RBB) process. This process is a discrete time conservative interacting particle system with parallel updates. Place initially in $L$…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-07-10 Nicoletta Cancrini , Gustavo Posta

The game of memory is played with a deck of n pairs of cards. The cards in each pair are identical. The deck is shuffled and the cards laid face down. A move consists of flipping over first one card then another. The cards are removed from…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-08-27 Daniel J. Velleman , Gregory S. Warrington

We consider Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graphs $G(n,p)$ for $0 < p < 1$ fixed and $n \rightarrow \infty$ and study the expected number of steps, $H_{wv}$, that a random walk started in $w$ needs to first arrive in $v$. A natural guess is that an…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-27 Andrea Ottolini , Stefan Steinerberger

Inside the discipline of graph theory exists an extension known as the hypergraph. This generalization of graphs includes vertices along with hyperedges consisting of collections of two or more vertices. One well-studied application of this…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-03-19 Joshua Sparks

We investigate the hitting times of random walks on graphs, where a hitting time is defined as the number of steps required for a random walker to move from one node to another. While much of the existing literature focuses on calculating…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-10 Anuraag Kumar

The generalized P\`olya urn (GPU) models and their variants have been investigated in several disciplines. However, typical assumptions made with respect to the GPU do not include urn models with diagonal replacement matrix, which arise in…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-02-24 Andrea Ghiglietti , Anand N. Vidyashankar , William F. Rosenberger

We introduce a variant of Shepp's classical urn problem in which the optimal stopper does not know whether sampling from the urn is done with or without replacement. By considering the problem's continuous-time analog, we provide bounds on…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-03-07 Kristoffer Glover

We study a P\'olya-type urn model defined as follows. Start at time 0 with a single ball of some colour. Then, at each time n>0, choose a ball from the urn uniformly at random. With probability 1/2<p<1, return the ball to the urn along with…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-12-01 Erik Thörnblad

Mathematics has been used in the exploration and enumeration of juggling patterns. In the case when we catch and throw one ball at a time the number of possible juggling patterns is well-known. When we are allowed to catch and throw any…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-05-11 Steve Butler , Jeongyoon Choi , Kimyung Kim , Kyuhyeok Seo

Consider a number, finite or not, of urns each with fixed capacity $r$ and balls randomly distributed among them. An overflow is the number of balls that are assigned to urns that already contain $r$ balls. When $r=1$, using analytic…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-05-17 Raul Gouet , Paweł Hitczenko , Jacek Wesołowski

In this paper, we show how to use stochastic approximation to compute hitting time of a stochastic process, based on the study of the time for a fluid approximation of this process to be at distance 1/N of its fixed point. This approach is…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-07-19 Nicolas Gast