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Magnetic media remain a key in information storage and processing. The continuous increase of storage densities and the desire for quantum memories and computers pushes the limits of magnetic characterisation techniques. Ultimately, a tool…

Using an atomic force microscope as a local voltmeter, we measure the Hall voltage profile in a 2D electron gas in the quantum Hall (QH) regime. We observe a linear profile in the bulk of the sample in the transition regions between QH…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Kent L. McCormick , Michael T. Woodside , Mike Huang , Mingshaw Wu , Paul McEuen , Cem Duruoz , J. S. Harris

We present the first measurements of Hall conductivity utilizing a new torque magnetometry method designed for insulators. A Corbino disk exhibits a magnetic dipole moment proportional to Hall conductivity when voltage is applied across a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2019-09-02 Samuel Mumford , Tiffany Paul , Seung Hwan Lee , Amir Yacoby , Aharon Kapitulnik

Interactions between atomic and molecular objects are to a large extent defined by the nanoscale electrostatic potentials which these objects produce. We introduce a scanning probe technique that enables three-dimensional imaging of local…

We consider various methods and techniques for measuring electron magnetization and susceptibility, which are used in experimental condensed matter physics. The list of considered methods for macroscopic measurements includes…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-02-20 V. M. Pudalov

We realize a scanning probe microscope using single trapped $^{87}$Rb atoms to measure optical fields with subwavelength spatial resolution. Our microscope operates by detecting fluorescence from a single atom driven by near-resonant light…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2022-03-02 Emma Deist , Justin A. Gerber , Yue-Hui Lu , Johannes Zeiher , Dan M. Stamper-Kurn

Aligning a microcantilever to an area of interest on a sample is a critical step in many scanning probe microscopy experiments, particularly those carried out on devices and rare, precious samples. We report a series of protocols that…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-01-10 Corinne E. Isaac , Elizabeth A. Curley , Pamela T. Nasr , Hoang L. Nguyen , John A. Marohn

The need for high dynamic range imaging is crucial in many astronomical fields, such as extra-solar planet direct detection, extra-galactic science and circumstellar imaging. Using a high quality coronograph, dynamic ranges of up to…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 F. Malbet , J. W. Yu , M. Shao

The application of quadrupole-devices with high field gradients and small apertures requires precise control over higher order multipole field components. We present a new scheme for performance control and tuning, which allows the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2009-11-09 S. Becker , M. Bussmann , S. Raith , M. Fuchs , R. Weingartner , P. Kunz , W. Lauth , S. Schramm , M. El Ghazaly , F. Grüner , H. Backe , D. Habs

This lecture aims to present an overview of the properties of Hall effect devices. Descriptions of the Hall phenomenon, a review of the Hall effect device characteristics and of the various types of probes are presented. Particular…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2011-03-08 S. Sanfilippo

Magnetic resonance force microscopy (MRFM) is a scanning probe technique capable of detecting MRI signals from nanoscale sample volumes, providing a paradigm-changing potential for structural biology and medical research. Thus far, however,…

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners have advanced significantly, with a growing use of highfield 3 T systems. This evolution gives rise to safety concerns for healthcare personnel working in proximity to MRI equipment. While…

The inherent coupling of optical and mechanical modes in high finesse optical microresonators provide a natural, highly sensitive transduction mechanism for micromechanical vibrations. Using homodyne and polarization spectroscopy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 A. Schliesser , G. Anetsberger , R. Rivière , O. Arcizet , T. J. Kippenberg

We report on an optical magnetometer enhanced by vacuum-squeezed light, employing an Mx magnetometer based on $^{87}$Rb vapor in a micrometer-scale cell (~100 $\mu$m). Using the well-established polarization self-rotation effect in a…

We describe the design, construction, and performance of an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscope (STM) capable of imaging at dilution-refrigerator temperatures and equipped with a vector magnet. The primary objective of our…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2020-02-07 Dillon Wong , Sangjun Jeon , Kevin P. Nuckolls , Myungchul Oh , Simon C. J. Kingsley , Ali Yazdani

Accurate and efficient volumetric magnetic field measurements are essential for a wide range of applications. Conventional methods are often limited in terms of measurement speed and applicability, or suffer from scaling problems at larger…

We provide an overview of the methodology and fundamental principles associated with newly developed experimental technique -- scanning quantum-vortex microscopy [Hovhannisyan et al., Commun. Mater., vol. 6, 42 (2025)]. This approach…

Microscopic imaging of local magnetic fields provides a window into the organizing principles of complex and technologically relevant condensed matter materials. However, a wide variety of intriguing strongly correlated and topologically…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-04-05 Fan Yang , Alicia J. Kollár , Stephen F. Taylor , Richard W. Turner , Benjamin L. Lev

We present the design and operation of a very-low temperature Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) working at $60 mK$ in a dilution refrigerator. The STM features both atomic resolution and micron-sized scanning range at low temperature.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 N. Moussy , H. Courtois , B. Pannetier

We developed a new microwave Hall effect measurement method for materials in the skin depth region at low temperatures using a cross-shaped bimodal cavity. We analytically calculated electromagnetic fields in the cross-shaped cavity, and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-01-19 Ryo. Ogawa , Tatsunori Okada , Hideyuki Takahashi , Fuyuki Nabeshima , Atsutaka Maeda