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The process of $H$-bootstrap percolation for a graph $H$ is a cellular automaton, where, given a subset of the edges of $K_n$ as initial set, an edge is added at time $t$ if it is the only missing edge in a copy of $H$ in the graph obtained…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-20 Kilian Matzke

We extend classical bootstrap percolation by introducing two concurrent, competing processes on an Erd\H{o}s--R\'{e}nyi random graph $G(n,p_n)$. Each node can assume one of three states: red, black, or white. The process begins with…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-03 Michele Garetto , Emilio Leonardi , Giovanni Luca Torrisi

We study an extremal question for the (reversible) $r-$bootstrap percolation processes. Given a graph and an initial configuration where each vertex is active or inactive, in the $r-$bootstrap percolation process the following rule is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-05-20 Clemens Jeger , Ahad N. Zehmakan

We investigate the behaviour of $r$-neighbourhood bootstrap percolation on the binomial $k$-uniform random hypergraph $H_k(n,p)$ for given integers $k\geq 2$ and $r\geq 2$. In $r$-neighbourhood bootstrap percolation, infection spreads…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-03-20 Mihyun Kang , Christoph Koch , Tamás Makai

We consider bootstrap percolation on the binomial random graph $G(n,p)$ with infection threshold $r\in \mathbb{N}$, an infection process which starts from a set of initially infected vertices and in each step every vertex with at least $r$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-08-03 Mihyun Kang , Tamás Makai

Bootstrap percolation on an arbitrary graph has a random initial configuration, where each vertex is occupied with probability p, independently of each other, and a deterministic spreading rule with a fixed parameter k: if a vacant site has…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-04-26 Jozsef Balogh , Yuval Peres , Gabor Pete

We study atypical behavior in bootstrap percolation on the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi random graph. Initially a set $S$ is infected. Other vertices are infected once at least $r$ of their neighbors become infected. Janson et al. (2012) locates the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Omer Angel , Brett Kolesnik

We provide sufficient conditions for a regular graph $G$ of growing degree $d$, guaranteeing a phase transition in its random subgraph $G_p$ similar to that of $G(n,p)$ when $p\cdot d\approx 1$. These conditions capture several well-studied…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-17 Sahar Diskin , Michael Krivelevich

For a graph $H$ and an $n$-vertex graph $G$, the $H$-bootstrap process on $G$ is the process which starts with $G$ and, at every time step, adds any missing edges on the vertices of $G$ that complete a copy of $H$. This process eventually…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-18 David Fabian , Patrick Morris , Tibor Szabó

Bootstrap percolation is an often used model to study the spread of diseases, rumors, and information on sparse random graphs. The percolation process demonstrates a critical value such that the graph is either almost completely affected or…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-12-07 Peter Ballen , Sudipto Guha

Given an integer $r\ge1$ and graphs $G, H_1, \ldots, H_r$, we write $G \rightarrow ({H}_1, \ldots, {H}_r)$ if every $r$-coloring of the edges of $G$ contains a monochromatic copy of $H_i$ in color $i$ for some $i\in\{1, \ldots, r\}$. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-03 Zi-Xia Song , Jingmei Zhang

Consider the process where the $n$ vertices of a square $2$-dimensional torus appear consecutively in a random order. We show that typically the size of the $3$-core of the corresponding induced unit-distance graph transitions from $0$ to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-23 Ivailo Hartarsky , Lyuben Lichev

The Hamming torus of dimension $d$ is the graph with vertices $\{1,\dots,n\}^d$ and an edge between any two vertices that differ in a single coordinate. Bootstrap percolation with threshold $\theta$ starts with a random set of open…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-01-26 Janko Gravner , Christopher Hoffman , James Pfeiffer , David Sivakoff

In the $r$-neighbour bootstrap process on a graph $G$, vertices are infected (in each time step) if they have at least $r$ already-infected neighbours. Motivated by its close connections to models from statistical physics, such as the Ising…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-02-27 Ivailo Hartarsky , Robert Morris

Graph bootstrap percolation is a discrete-time process capturing the spread of a virus on the edges of $K_n$. Given an initial set $G\subseteq K_n$ of infected edges, the transmission of the virus is governed by a fixed graph $H$: in each…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-17 David Fabian , Patrick Morris , Tibor Szabó

In standard bootstrap percolation, a subset A of the n x n grid is initially infected. A new site is then infected if at least two of its neighbours are infected, and an infected site stays infected forever. The set A is said to percolate…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-10-14 Robert Morris

Two-dimensional bootstrap percolation is a cellular automaton in which sites become 'infected' by contact with two or more already infected nearest neighbors. We consider these dynamics, which can be interpreted as a monotone version of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-12-27 Janko Gravner , Alexander E. Holroyd , Robert Morris

Given a fixed graph $H$ and an $n$-vertex graph $G$, the $H$-bootstrap percolation process on $G$ is defined to be the sequence of graphs $G_i$, $i\geq 0$ which starts with $G_0:=G$ and in which $G_{i+1}$ is obtained from $G_i$ by adding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-28 David Fabian , Patrick Morris , Tibor Szabó

We investigate bootstrap percolation with infection threshold $r> 1$ on the binomial $k$-uniform random hypergraph $H_k(n,p)$ in the regime $n^{-1}\ll n^{k-2}p \ll n^{-1/r}$, when the initial set of infected vertices is chosen uniformly at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-04-25 Mihyun Kang , Christoph Koch , Tamás Makai

We consider bootstrap percolation and diffusion in sparse random graphs with fixed degrees, constructed by configuration model. Every node has two states: it is either active or inactive. We assume that to each node is assigned a…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-09-27 Hamed Amini , Erhan Bayraktar , Suman Chakraborty