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Given a graph $G$ and color set $\{1, \ldots, k\}$, a $\textit{proper coloring}$ is an assignment of a color to each vertex of $G$ such that no two vertices connected by an edge are given the same color. The problem of drawing a proper…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Mark Huber

A proper labeling of a graph is an assignment of integers to some elements of a graph, which may be the vertices, the edges, or both of them, such that we obtain a proper vertex coloring via the labeling subject to some conditions. The…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-01-25 Ali Dehghan , Mohammad-Reza Sadeghi , Arash Ahadi

In the Maker-Breaker vertex colouring game, first publicised by Gardner in 1981, Maker and Breaker alternately colour vertices of a graph using a fixed palette, maintaining a proper colouring at all times. Maker aims to colour the whole…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-11 Lawrence Hollom

We investigate the computational complexity of the following problem. We are given a graph in which each vertex has an initial and a target color. Each pair of adjacent vertices can swap their current colors. Our goal is to perform the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Katsuhisa Yamanaka , Takashi Horiyama , J. Mark Keil , David Kirkpatrick , Yota Otachi , Toshiki Saitoh , Ryuhei Uehara , Yushi Uno

This paper introduces the concept of domination in the context of colored graphs (where each color assigns a weight to the vertices of its class), termed up-color domination, where a vertex dominating another must be heavier than the other.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-12 María A. Garrido-Vizuete , Mucuy-kak Guevara , Alberto Márquez , Rafael Robles

A linear coloring of a graph is a proper coloring of the vertices of the graph so that each pair of color classes induce a union of disjoint paths. In this paper, we prove that for every connected graph with maximum degree at most three and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-12-06 Chun-Hung Liu , Gexin Yu

Graph coloring is fundamental to distributed computing. We give the first sub-logarithmic distributed algorithm for coloring cluster graphs. These graphs are obtained from the underlying communication network by contracting nodes and edges,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Maxime Flin , Magnus M. Halldorsson , Alexandre Nolin

Graph coloring is a problem with varied applications in industry and science such as scheduling, resource allocation, and circuit design. The purpose of this paper is to establish if a new gradient based iterative solver framework known as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-24 Vivek Chaudhary

The graph coloring problem (GCP) is one of the most studied NP-HARD problems in computer science. Given a graph , the task is to assign a color to all vertices such that no vertices sharing an edge receive the same color and that the number…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Robiul Islam , Arup Kumar Pramanik

The equitable tree-coloring can formulate a structure decomposition problem on the communication network with some security considerations. Namely, an equitable tree-$k$-coloring of a graph is a vertex coloring using $k$ distinct colors…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-13 Xin Zhang , Bei Niu , Yan Li , Bi Li

In this paper, we introduce a class of graphs which we call average hereditary graphs. Many graphs that occur in the usual graph theory applications belong to this class of graphs. Many popular types of graphs fall under this class, such as…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Syed Mujtaba Hassan , Shahid Hussain

We study the problem of approximately counting the number of list packings of a graph. The analogous problem for usual vertex coloring and list coloring has attracted a lot of attention. For list packing the setup is similar but we seek a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-07 Evan Camrud , Ewan Davies , Alex Karduna , Holden Lee

An equitable tree-$k$-coloring of a graph is a vertex $k$-coloring such that each color class induces a forest and the size of any two color classes differ by at most one. In this work, we show that every interval graph $G$ has an equitable…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-03-10 Bei Niu , Bi Li , Xin Zhang

We study a version of online edge coloring, where the goal is to color as many edges as possible using only a given number, $k$, of available colors. All of our results are with regard to competitive analysis. Previous attempts to identify…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-10-26 Lene M. Favrholdt , Jesper W. Mikkelsen

A {\bf $\mathbf{k}$-majority coloring} of a digraph $D=(V,A)$ is a coloring of $V$ with $k$ colors so that each vertex $v\in V$ has at least as many out-neighbours of color different from its own color as it has out-neighbours with the same…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-27 Jørgen Bang-Jensen , Francois Pirot , Anders Yeo

Vertex colouring is a well-known problem in combinatorial optimisation, whose alternative integer programming formulations have recently attracted considerable attention. This paper briefly surveys seven known formulations of vertex…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-04-10 Edmund K. Burke , Jakub Marecek , Andrew J. Parkes , Hana Rudova

In this work we present the notion of greyscale of a graph as a colouring of its vertices that uses colours from the real interval [0,1]. Any greyscale induces another colouring by assigning to each edge the non-negative difference between…

A fall $k$-coloring of a graph $G$ is a proper $k$-coloring of $G$ such that each vertex of $G$ sees all $k$ colors on its closed neighborhood. In this paper, we answer some questions of \cite{dun} about some relations between fall…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-09-16 Saeed Shaebani

The problem of injective coloring in graphs can be revisited through two different approaches: coloring the two-step graphs and vertex partitioning of graphs into open packing sets, each of which is equivalent to the injective coloring…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-07 Babak Samadi , Nasrin Soltankhah , Ismael G. Yero

The Minimum Sum Coloring Problem is a variant of the Graph Vertex Coloring Problem, for which each color has a weight. This paper presents a new way to find a lower bound of this problem, based on a relaxation into an integer partition…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Alexandre Gondran , Vincent Duchamp , Laurent Moalic