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There has been much recent interest in studying anisotropies in the astrophysical gravitational-wave (GW) background, as these could provide us with interesting new information about galaxy clustering and large-scale structure. However,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-29 Alexander C. Jenkins , Joseph D. Romano , Mairi Sakellariadou

Recent measurements of the four pulsar timing arrays were interpreted as a signal of the low frequency stochastic gravitational wave background. We show that the amplitude and angular correlations of pulsar timing residuals can be…

General Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Davor Palle

We consider a search for the anisotropic stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) that decomposes the sky map into its spherical harmonics components in order to obtain estimators of the angular power spectrum. Such a search often…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-21 Erik Floden , Alex Granados , Vuk Mandic

Pulsar Timing Array experiments are rapidly approaching the era of gravitational wave background anisotropy detection. The timing residuals of each pulsar are an integrated measure of the gravitational-wave power across all angular scales.…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-30 Federico Semenzato , Nicola Bellomo , Alvise Raccanelli , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) detect gravitational waves (GWs) via the correlations they create in the arrival times of pulses from different pulsars. The mean correlation, a function of the angle $\gamma$ between the directions to two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-12-20 Bruce Allen , Joseph D. Romano

We present a new model of the diffuse Galactic synchrotron radiation, concentrating on its angular anisotropies. While previous studies have focussed on either the variation of the emissivity on large (kpc) scales, or on fluctuations due to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2013-06-26 Philipp Mertsch , Subir Sarkar

Mapping gravitational-wave background (GWB) anisotropy with pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) is affected by harmonic-space mode suppression and mode coupling arising from an array's nonuniform sky response. Spherical harmonic expansions must be…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-24 Deepali Agarwal , Joseph D. Romano , Yacine Ali-Haïmoud , Tristan L. Smith

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) have recently reported compelling evidence for the presence of a gravitational-wave background signal. Mapping the gravitational-wave background is key to understanding how it is formed, since anisotropy is a…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-21 Kathrin Grunthal , David J. Champion , Eric Thrane , Rowina S. Nathan , Michael Kramer , Matthew T. Miles

We searched for an isotropic stochastic gravitational wave background in the second data release of the International Pulsar Timing Array, a global collaboration synthesizing decadal-length pulsar-timing campaigns in North America, Europe,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-01-12 J. Antoniadis , Z. Arzoumanian , S. Babak , M. Bailes , A. -S. Bak Nielsen , P. T. Baker , C. G. Bassa , B. Becsy , A. Berthereau , M. Bonetti , A. Brazier , P. R. Brook , M. Burgay , S. Burke-Spolaor , R. N. Caballero , J. A. Casey-Clyde , A. Chalumeau , D. J. Champion , M. Charisi , S. Chatterjee , S. Chen , I. Cognard , J. M. Cordes , N. J. Cornish , F. Crawford , H. T. Cromartie , K. Crowter , S. Dai , M. E. DeCesar , P. B. Demorest , G. Desvignes , T. Dolch , B. Drachler , M. Falxa , E. C. Ferrara , W. Fiore , E. Fonseca , J. R. Gair , N. Garver-Daniels , B. Goncharov , D. C. Good , E. Graikou , L. Guillemot , Y. J. Guo , J. S. Hazboun , G. Hobbs , H. Hu , K. Islo , G. H. Janssen , R. J. Jennings , A. D. Johnson , M. L. Jones , A. R. Kaiser , D. L. Kaplan , R. Karuppusamy , M. J. Keith , L. Z. Kelley , M. Kerr , J. S. Key , M. Kramer , M. T. Lam , W. G. Lamb , T. J. W. Lazio , K. J. Lee , L. Lentati , K. Liu , J. Luo , R. S. Lynch , A. G. Lyne , D. R. Madison , R. A. Main , R. N. Manchester , A. McEwen , J. W. McKee , M. A. McLaughlin , M. B. Mickaliger , C. M. F. Mingarelli , C. Ng , D. J. Nice , S. Os lowski , A. Parthasarathy , T. T. Pennucci , B. B. P. Perera , D. Perrodin , A. Petiteau , N. S. Pol , N. K. Porayko , A. Possenti , S. M. Ransom , P. S. Ray , D. J. Reardon , C. J. Russell , A. Samajdar , L. M. Sampson , S. Sanidas , J. M. Sarkissian , K. Schmitz , L. Schult , A. Sesana , G. Shaifullah , R. M. Shannon , B. J. Shapiro-Albert , X. Siemens , J. Simon , T. L. Smith , L. Speri , R. Spiewak , I. H. Stairs , B. W. Stappers , D. R. Stinebring , J. K. Swiggum , S. R. Taylor , G. Theureau , C. Tiburzi , M. Vallisneri , E. van der Wateren , A. Vecchio , J. P. W. Verbiest , S. J. Vigeland , H. Wahl , J. B. Wang , J. Wang , L. Wang , C. A. Witt , S. Zhang , X. J. Zhu

We present the first predictions for the angular power spectrum of the astrophysical gravitational wave background constituted of the radiation emitted by all resolved and unresolved astrophysical sources. Its shape and amplitude depend on…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-13 Giulia Cusin , Irina Dvorkin , Cyril Pitrou , Jean-Philippe Uzan

There is enormous potential to advance cosmology from statistical characterizations of cosmic microwave background sky maps. The angular power spectrum of the microwave anisotropy is a particularly important statistic. Existing algorithms…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 Siang Peng Oh , David N. Spergel , Gary Hinshaw

Several pulsar-timing array (PTA) collaborations are finding tantalising hints for a stochastic gravitational wave background signal in the nano-Hertz regime. So far, though, no convincing evidence for the expected Hellings-Downs…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-20 Gianmassimo Tasinato

We study the detectability of circular polarization in a stochastic gravitational wave background from various sources such as supermassive black hole binaries, cosmic strings, and inflation in the early universe with pulsar timing arrays.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-03-24 Ryo Kato , Jiro Soda

Pulsar-timing arrays (PTAs) are seeking gravitational waves from supermassive-black-hole binaries, and there are prospects to complement these searches with stellar-astrometry measurements. Theorists still disagree, however, as to whether…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-06-19 Selim C. Hotinli , Marc Kamionkowski , Andrew H. Jaffe

Statistical anisotropy in the nanohertz-frequency gravitational-wave background (GWB) is expected to be detected by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) in the near future. By developing a frequentist statistical framework that intrinsically…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-14 Nihan Pol , Stephen R. Taylor , Joseph D. Romano

We present a new, simulation-based inference method to compute the angular power spectrum of the distribution of foreground gravitational-wave transient events. As a first application of this method, we use the binary black hole mergers…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-25 Yanyan Zheng , Nikolaos Kouvatsos , Jacob Golomb , Marco Cavaglià , Arianna I. Renzini , Mairi Sakellariadou

Pulsar timing uses the highly stable pulsar spin period to investigate many astrophysical topics. In particular, pulsar timing arrays make use of a set of extremely well-timed pulsars and their time correlations as a challenging detector of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-12-16 Michele Maiorano , Francesco De Paolis , Achille A. Nucita

Pulsar timing-array correlation measurements offer an exciting opportunity to test the nature of gravity in the cosmologically novel nanohertz gravitational wave regime. The stochastic gravitational wave background is assumed Gaussian and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-23 Reginald Christian Bernardo , Kin-Wang Ng

Gravitational wave background results from the superposition of gravitational waves generated from all sources across the Universe. Previous efforts on detecting such a background with pulsar timing arrays assume it is an isotropic Gaussian…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Xihao Deng

Doppler anisotropies, induced by our relative motion with respect to the source rest frame, are a guaranteed property of stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds of cosmological origin. If detected by future pulsar timing array…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-01 Gianmassimo Tasinato