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Odd coloring is a proper coloring with an additional restriction that every non-isolated vertex has some color that appears an odd number of times in its neighborhood. The minimum number of colors $k$ that can ensure an odd coloring of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-14 Fangyu Tian , Yuxue Yin

The famous Wegner's Planar Graph Conjecture asserts tight upper bounds on the chromatic number of the square $G^2$ of a planar graph $G$, depending on the maximum degree $\Delta(G)$ of $G$. The only case that the conjecture is resolved is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Eun-Kyung Cho , Ilkyoo Choi , Bernard Lidický

We say that a signed graph is $k$-critical if it is not $k$-colorable but every one of its proper subgraphs is $k$-colorable. Using the definition of colorability due to Naserasr, Wang, and Zhu that extends the notion of circular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-11 Laurent Beaudou , Penny Haxell , Kathryn Nurse , Sagnik Sen , Zhouningxin Wang

A well-known theorem of Vizing states that if $G$ is a simple graph with maximum degree $\Delta$, then the chromatic index $\chi'(G)$ of $G$ is $\Delta$ or $\Delta+1$. A graph $G$ is class 1 if $\chi'(G)=\Delta$, and class 2 if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-09-02 Gang Chen , Zhengke Miao , Zi-Xia Song , Jingmei Zhang

The $b$-chromatic number of a graph $G$, denoted by $b(G)$, is the largest positive integer $k$ such that there exists a proper coloring for G with $k$ colors in which every color class contains at least one vertex adjacent to some vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-02-19 Amine El Sahili , Hamamache Kheddouci , Mekkia Kouider , Miadoun Mortada

We study squares of planar graphs with the aim to determine their list chromatic number. We present new upper bounds for the square of a planar graph with maximum degree $\Delta \leq 4$. In particular $G^2$ is 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 12-,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-06 Daniel W. Cranston , Rok Erman , Riste Škrekovski

A strong edge coloring of a graph $G$ is an assignment of colors to the edges of $G$ such that two distinct edges are colored differently if they are incident to a common edge or share an endpoint. The strong chromatic index of a graph $G$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-17 Yunfang Tang , Zhiwei Bi

Given a graph $G$, denote by $\Delta$, $\bar{d}$ and $\chi^\prime$ the maximum degree, the average degree and the chromatic index of $G$, respectively. A simple graph $G$ is called {\it edge-$\Delta$-critical} if $\chi^\prime(G)=\Delta+1$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-07 Yan Cao , Guantao Chen , Suyun Jiang , Huiqing Liu , Fuliang Lu

A graph is $(c_1, c_2, ..., c_k)$-colorable if the vertex set can be partitioned into $k$ sets $V_1,V_2, ..., V_k$, such that for every $i: 1\leq i\leq k$ the subgraph $G[V_i]$ has maximum degree at most $c_i$. We show that every planar…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-08-17 Owen Hill , Gexin Yu

Let G be a planar graph with a list assignment L. Suppose a preferred color is given for some of the vertices. We prove that if G has girth at least six and all lists have size at least three, then there exists an L-coloring respecting at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-02-17 Zdeněk Dvořák , Tomáš Masařík , Jan Musílek , Ondřej Pangrác

A vertex coloring of a graph G is called a 2-distance coloring if any two vertices at a distance at most 2 from each other receive different colors. Suppose that G is a planar graph with a maximum degree at most 5. We prove that G admits a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-21 Zakir Deniz

A graph $G$ is \textit{$k$-critical} if $\chi(G) = k$ and every proper subgraph of $G$ is $(k - 1)$-colorable, and if $L$ is a list-assignment for $G$, then $G$ is \textit{$L$-critical} if $G$ is not $L$-colorable but every proper induced…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-01 Tom Kelly , Luke Postle

A {\it list assignment} $L$ of a graph $G$ is a function that assigns a set (list) $L(v)$ of colors to every vertex $v$ of $G$. Graph $G$ is called {\it $L$-list colorable} if it admits a vertex coloring $\phi$ such that $\phi(v)\in L(v)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-11-13 Daniel W. Cranston , Anja Pruchnewski , Zsolt Tuza , Margit Voigt

The online list coloring game is a two-player graph-coloring game played on a graph $G$ as follows. On each turn, a Lister reveals a new color $c$ at some subset $S \subseteq V(G)$ of uncolored vertices, and then a Painter chooses an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Peter Bradshaw , Jinghan A Zeng

We consider the problem of list edge coloring for planar graphs. Edge coloring is the problem of coloring the edges while ensuring that two edges that are incident receive different colors. A graph is k-edge-choosable if for any assignment…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2013-03-19 Marthe Bonamy

A coloring of the edges of a graph $G$ in which every $K_{1,2}$ is totally multicolored is known as a proper coloring and a coloring of the edges of $G$ in which every $K_{1,2}$ and every $K_{2,2}$ is totally multicolored is called a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-03 Ryan R. Martin , Miklós Ruszinkó , Gábor N. Sárközy

We prove that the list chromatic index of a graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ and treewidth $\leq \sqrt{2\Delta} -3$ is $\Delta$; and that the total chromatic number of a graph of maximum degree $\Delta$ and treewidth $\leq \Delta/3 +1$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-11-14 Henning Bruhn , Richard Lang , Maya Stein

A graph $G$ is equitably $k$-choosable if, for any given $k$-uniform list assignment $L$, $G$ is $L$-colorable and each color appears on at most $\lceil\frac{|V(G)|}{k}\rceil$ vertices. A graph is equitably $k$-colorable if the vertex set…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Aijun Dong , Jianliang Wu

Given an integer $k\ge1$, an edge-$k$-coloring of a graph $G$ is an assignment of $k$ colors $1,\ldots,k$ to the edges of $G$ such that no two adjacent edges receive the same color. A vertex-distinguishing (resp. sum-distinguishing)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-11 Yuping Gao , Songling Shan , Guanghui Wang

A \emph{dynamic colouring} of a graph is a proper colouring in which no neighbourhood of a non-leaf vertex is monochromatic. The \emph{dynamic colouring number} $\chi_2(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the least number of colours needed for a dynamic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-06 Nathan Bowler , Joshua Erde , Florian Lehner , Martin Merker , Max Pitz , Konstantinos Stavropoulos
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