Relaxation of Wegner's Planar Graph Conjecture for maximum degree 4
Abstract
The famous Wegner's Planar Graph Conjecture asserts tight upper bounds on the chromatic number of the square of a planar graph , depending on the maximum degree of . The only case that the conjecture is resolved is when , which was proven to be true by Thomassen, and independently by Hartke, Jahanbekam, and Thomas. For , Wegner's Planar Graph Conjecture states that the chromatic number of is at most 9; even this case is still widely open, and very recently Bousquet, de Meyer, Deschamps, and Pierron claimed an upper bound of 12. We take a completely different approach, and show that a relaxation of properly coloring the square of a planar graph with can be achieved with 9 colors. Instead of requiring every color in the neighborhood of a vertex to be unique, which is equivalent to a proper coloring of , we seek a proper coloring of such that at most one color is allowed to be repeated in the neighborhood of a vertex of degree 4, but nowhere else.
Keywords
Cite
@article{arxiv.2212.10643,
title = {Relaxation of Wegner's Planar Graph Conjecture for maximum degree 4},
author = {Eun-Kyung Cho and Ilkyoo Choi and Bernard Lidický},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2212.10643},
year = {2026}
}
Comments
9 pages