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We address the challenging problem of whole slide image (WSI) classification. WSIs have very high resolutions and usually lack localized annotations. WSI classification can be cast as a multiple instance learning (MIL) problem when only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-05 Bin Li , Yin Li , Kevin W. Eliceiri

In many pattern recognition problems, a single feature vector is not sufficient to describe an object. In multiple instance learning (MIL), objects are represented by sets (\emph{bags}) of feature vectors (\emph{instances}). This requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Veronika Cheplygina , David M. J. Tax

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a powerful tool to solve the weakly supervised classification in whole slide image (WSI) based pathology diagnosis. However, the current MIL methods are usually based on independent and identical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Zhuchen Shao , Hao Bian , Yang Chen , Yifeng Wang , Jian Zhang , Xiangyang Ji , Yongbing Zhang

Multiple instance learning is qualified for many pattern recognition tasks with weakly annotated data. The combination of artificial neural network and multiple instance learning offers an end-to-end solution and has been widely utilized.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Jingjun Yi , Beichen Zhou

Due to the complexity of annotation and inter-annotator variability, most lung nodule malignancy grading datasets contain label noise, which inevitably degrades the performance and generalizability of models. Although researchers adopt the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Xianze Ai , Zehui Liao , Yong Xia

Weakly Supervised Object Detection (WSOD), using only image-level annotations to train object detectors, is of growing importance in object recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel deep network for WSOD. Unlike previous networks that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Peng Tang , Xinggang Wang , Song Bai , Wei Shen , Xiang Bai , Wenyu Liu , Alan Yuille

Recently, pathological diagnosis has achieved superior performance by combining deep learning models with the multiple instance learning (MIL) framework using whole slide images (WSIs). However, the giga-pixeled nature of WSIs poses a great…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Zijie Fang , Yifeng Wang , Ye Zhang , Zhi Wang , Jian Zhang , Xiangyang Ji , Yongbing Zhang

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) plays a significant role in computational pathology, enabling weakly supervised analysis of Whole Slide Image (WSI) datasets. The field of WSI analysis is confronted with a severe long-tailed distribution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Xitong Ling , Yifeng Ping , Jiawen Li , Jing Peng , Yuxuan Chen , Minxi Ouyang , Yizhi Wang , Yonghong He , Tian Guan , Xiaoping Liu , Lianghui Zhu

In Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem for sequence data, the instances inside the bags are sequences. In some real world applications such as bioinformatics, comparing a random couple of sequences makes no sense. In fact, each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Manel Zoghlami , Sabeur Aridhi , Mondher Maddouri , Engelbert Mephu Nguifo

Histologic assessment of ulcerative colitis (UC) activity is an important endpoint in clinical trials and routine care, but manual grading with indices such as the Nancy histological index (NHI) is time-consuming and prone to observer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Adam Kukučka , Ondřej Fabián , Vít Musil , Tomáš Brázdil

Early diagnosis of lung cancer is a key intervention for the treatment of lung cancer computer aided diagnosis (CAD) can play a crucial role. However, most published CAD methods treat lung cancer diagnosis as a lung nodule classification…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-12 Junhua Chen , Haiyan Zeng , Chong Zhang , Zhenwei Shi , Andre Dekker , Leonard Wee , Inigo Bermejo

Learning representations for individual instances when only bag-level labels are available is a fundamental challenge in multiple instance learning (MIL). Recent works have shown promising results using contrastive self-supervised learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Kangning Liu , Weicheng Zhu , Yiqiu Shen , Sheng Liu , Narges Razavian , Krzysztof J. Geras , Carlos Fernandez-Granda

Learning from Label Proportions (LLP) is a weakly supervised learning method that aims to perform instance classification from training data consisting of pairs of bags containing multiple instances and the class label proportions within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Ryoma Kobayashi , Yusuke Mukuta , Tatsuya Harada

A new multi-attention based method for solving the MIL problem (MAMIL), which takes into account the neighboring patches or instances of each analyzed patch in a bag, is proposed. In the method, one of the attention modules takes into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Andrei V. Konstantinov , Lev V. Utkin

Convolutional Dictionary Learning (CDL) has emerged as a powerful approach for signal representation by learning translation-invariant features through convolution operations. While existing CDL methods are predominantly designed and used…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-22 Hao Chen , Dayuan Tan

In the field of computational pathology, the use of decision support systems powered by state-of-the-art deep learning solutions has been hampered by the lack of large labeled datasets. Until recently, studies relied on datasets in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Gabriele Campanella , Vitor Werneck Krauss Silva , Thomas J. Fuchs

Anomaly detection with weakly supervised video-level labels is typically formulated as a multiple instance learning (MIL) problem, in which we aim to identify snippets containing abnormal events, with each video represented as a bag of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Yu Tian , Guansong Pang , Yuanhong Chen , Rajvinder Singh , Johan W. Verjans , Gustavo Carneiro

Multiple organ failure (MOF) is a severe syndrome with a high mortality rate among Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients. Early and precise detection is critical for clinicians to make timely decisions. An essential challenge in applying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Xinlu Zhang , Yun Zhao , Rachael Callcut , Linda Petzold

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has become the standard learning paradigm for distantly supervised relation extraction (DSRE). However, due to relation extraction being performed at bag level, MIL has significant hardware requirements for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Mehrdad Nasser , Mohamad Bagher Sajadi , Behrouz Minaei-Bidgoli

Continuous-time reinforcement learning (CTRL) provides a natural framework for sequential decision-making in dynamic environments where interactions evolve continuously over time. While CTRL has shown growing empirical success, its ability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Runze Zhao , Yue Yu , Ruhan Wang , Chunfeng Huang , Dongruo Zhou