Related papers: Alternator Coins
A simple coined quantum walk in one dimension can be characterized by a $SU(2)$ operator with three parameters which represents the coin toss. However, different such coin toss operators lead to equivalent dynamics of the quantum walker. In…
We present a family of quantum money schemes with classical verification which display a number of benefits over previous proposals. Our schemes are based on hidden matching quantum retrieval games and they tolerate noise up to 23%, which…
We review different classes of cryptocurrencies with emphasis on their economic properties. Pure-asset coins such as Bitcoin, Ethereum and Ripple are characterized by not being a liability of any economic agent and most resemble commodities…
We propose a new method to enumerate alternating knots using a transfer matrix approach. We apply it to count numerically various objects, including prime alternating tangles with two connected components, up to order 18--22, and comment on…
A Quantum Computer is a new type of computer which can efficiently solve complex problems such as prime factorization. A quantum computer threatens the security of public key encryption systems because these systems rely on the fact that…
We introduce a new family of one-player games, involving the movement of coins from one configuration to another. Moves are restricted so that a coin can be placed only in a position that is adjacent to at least two other coins. The goal of…
The Gale-Berlekamp Light Switching Game is played on a square board of lights. Each light has two states, either on or off. There is a switch to every row and column. Turning this switch would change the state of all the lights on that row…
In this article we show for the first time that quantum coin flipping with security guarantees that are strictly better than any classical protocol is possible to implement with current technology. Our protocol takes into account all…
In this paper, we introduce a model for donation verification. A randomized algorithm is developed to check if the money claimed being received by the collector is $(1-\epsilon)$-approximation to the total amount money contributed by the…
A decentralized online quantum cash system, called qBitcoin, is given. We design the system which has great benefits of quantization in the following sense. Firstly, quantum teleportation technology is used for coin transaction, which…
The Binary Vector Clock is a simple, yet space-efficient algorithm for generating a partial order of transactions in account-based blockchain systems. The Binary Vector Clock solves the problem of order dependency in systems such as…
We investigate quantum walks in multiple dimensions with different quantum coins. We augment the model by assuming that at each step the amplitudes of the coin state are multiplied by random phases. This model enables us to study in detail…
We study the enumeration of alternating links and tangles, considered up to topological (flype) equivalences. A weight $n$ is given to each connected component, and in particular the limit $n\to 0$ yields information about (alternating)…
The quantum quartic oscillator is investigated in order to test the many-body technique of the continuous unitary transformations. The quartic oscillator is sufficiently simple to allow a detailed study and comparison of various…
This paper examines a way to simplify the circuit of quantum random walk search algorithm, when the traversing coin is constructed by both generalized Householder reflection and an additional phase multiplier. If an appropriate relation…
Money was invented to address the difficulty in the double coincidence of wants between the supply and demand when people exchanged their goods and services. There are two information states in society: one is the initial state that people…
In mutation testing the question whether a mutant is equivalent to its program is important in order to compute the correct mutation score. Unfortunately, answering this question is not always possible and can hardly be obtained just by…
A money transfer involves a buyer and a seller. A buyer buys goods or services from a seller. The money the buyer decreases is the same as that the seller increases. At each time step, a pair of socially connected agents are selected and…
We consider a long but finite (ladder) circuit with alternating connections of resistors in series and parallel and derive an explicit expression for its equivalent resistance as a function of the number of repeating blocks, $R_{\rm…
The graphical representation of the correlation matrix by means of different multivariate statistical methods is reviewed, a comparison of the different procedures is presented with the use of an example data set, and an improved…