Related papers: Alternator Coins
Quantum theory claims that electron is pointlike and structureless. Contrary, the consistent with Gravity Kerr-Newman (KN) electron model displays an extended structure of the Compton size $r_c=\hbar /m .$ We obtain that there is no real…
The problem of electron-proton scattering is handed over both the elastic and inelastic scattering. Two models are presented in this sense. The first, depends on the multi photon exchange ladder diagram, where the transition matrix is…
Both the relativistic and non-relativistic model explain very well low-energy nuclear phenomena, but in a physically different way from each other. There seems to be no low-energy phenomenon to answer which model is more reasonable. In…
We consider the structure of roller coaster permutations as introduced by Ahmed & Snevily[1]. A roller coaster permutation is described as a permuta- tion that maximizes the total switches from ascending to descending or visa versa for the…
In an analogue quantum simulation, an experimentally accessible quantum system is controlled and measured precisely in order to learn about the properties of another quantum system. As such, analogue quantum simulation is a novel tool of…
Quantum computers are reaching a level where interactions between classical and quantum computations can happen in real-time. This marks the advent of a new, broader class of quantum circuits: dynamic quantum circuits. They offer a broader…
Recently, uniqueness theorems were constructed for the representation used in Loop Quantum Gravity. We explore the existence of alternate representations by weakening the assumptions of the so called LOST uniqueness theorem. The weakened…
Probabilistic circuits are a unifying representation of functions as computation graphs of weighted sums and products. Their primary application is in probabilistic modeling, where circuits with non-negative weights (monotone circuits) can…
We study the dynamics of a bouncing coin whose motion is restricted to the two-dimensional plane. Such coin model is equivalent to the system of two equal masses connected by a rigid rod, making elastic collisions with a flat boundary. We…
A new version of Farkas lemma of alternative linear systems is proposed. One and the same matrix $A$ and vector $b$ have always been used in alternative linear systems. The paper shows a different way of alternative systems involving…
The "Money Exchange Model" is a type of agent-based simulation model used to study how wealth distribution and inequality evolve through monetary exchanges between individuals. The primary focus of this model is to identify the limiting…
Considering commutator monomials of the non-commutative associative variables $X_1,\ldots,X_n$; we determine the maximal possible number of alternating associative monomials in their noncommutative polynomial expansions. This is achieved by…
A notion of alternating timed automata is proposed. It is shown that such automata with only one clock have decidable emptiness problem over finite words. This gives a new class of timed languages which is closed under boolean operations…
Quantum money represents an innovative approach to currency by encoding economic value within the quantum states of physical systems, utilizing the principles of quantum mechanics to enhance security, integrity, and transferability. This…
Exploiting multi-dimensional quantum walks as feasible platforms for quantum computation and quantum simulation is attracting constantly growing attention from a broad experimental physics community. Here, we propose a two-dimensional…
Each classical public-coin protocol for coin flipping is naturally associated with a quantum protocol for weak coin flipping. The quantum protocol is obtained by replacing classical randomness with quantum entanglement and by adding a cheat…
While it is well known that a Turing machine equipped with the ability to flip a fair coin cannot compute more that a standard Turing machine, we show that this is not true for a biased coin. Indeed, any oracle set $X$ may be coded as a…
Time plays a crucial role in the intuitive understanding of the world around us. Within quantum mechanics, however, time is not usually treated as an observable quantity; it enters merely as a parameter in the laws of motion of physical…
Mochon's proof [Moc07] of existence of quantum weak coin flipping with arbitrarily small bias is a fundamental result in quantum cryptography, but at the same time one of the least understood. Though used several times as a black box in…
We show that a genuine Parrondo paradox can emerge in two-state quantum walks without resorting to experimentally intricate high-dimensional coins. To achieve such goal we employ a time-dependent coin operator without breaking the…