Related papers: On the 3x+1 conjecture
The search for new integrable (3+1)-dimensional partial differential systems is among the most important challenges in the modern integrability theory. It turns out that such a system can be associated to any pair of rational functions of…
The counting function for the numbers satisfying the Collatz conjecture is studied. A related exponential congruence equation is investigated, yielding a method to construct its solutions from free variables, and enabling us to find at…
For an integer $x$ let $t_x$ denote the triangular number $x(x+1)/2$. Following a recent work of Z. W. Sun, we show that every natural number can be written in any of the following forms with $x,y,z\in\Z$: $$x^2+3y^2+t_z, x^2+3t_y+t_z,…
This paper introduces prime holdout problems, a problem class related to the Collatz conjecture. After applying a linear function, instead of removing a finite set of prime factors, a holdout problem specifies a set of primes to be…
N.Katz's middle convolution algorithm provides a description of rigid connections on the projective line with regular singularities. We extend the algorithm by adding the Fourier transform to it. The extended algorithm provides a…
We explore the Collatz conjecture and its variants through the lens of termination of string rewriting. We construct a rewriting system that simulates the iterated application of the Collatz function on strings corresponding to mixed…
Proposed in 1937, the Collatz conjecture has remained in the spotlight for mathematicians and computer scientists alike due to its simple proposal, yet intractable proof. In this paper, we propose several novel theorems, corollaries, and…
It is well known that the repeated square and multiply algorithm is an efficient way of modular exponentiation. The obvious question to ask is if this algorithm has an inverse which would calculate the discrete logarithm efficiently. The…
We introduce and discuss a variant of Schanuel conjecture in the framework of the Carlitz exponential function over Tate algebras and allied functions. Another purpose of the present paper is to widen the horizons of possible investigations…
We present a formulation of the Collatz conjecture that is potentially more amenable to modeling and analysis by automated termination checking tools.
We study difference inequality systems for the 3x+1 problem introduced by the first author in 1989. These systemes can be used to give lower bounds for the number of integers below x that contain 1 in their forward orbit under the 3x+1 map.…
In the paper, from the point of view of recurrent numbers of the Jacobsthal type, the Collatz problem with the general aq+-1 function of conjecture odd positive integers q from the set of natural numbers is investigated. Formulated…
We investigate the problems related to the Collatz map $T$ from the point of view of functional analysis. We associate with $T$ certain linear operator $\mathcal{T}$ and show that cycles and (hypothetical) diverging trajectory (generated by…
The Collatz hypothesis is a theorem of the algorithmic theory of natural numbers. We prove the (algorithmic) formula that expresses the halting property of Collatz algorithm. The observation that Collatz's theorem cannot be proved in any…
We present a general scheme for the construction of new eficient generalized Schultz iterative methods for computing the inverse matrix. These methods have the form $$ X_{k+1} = X_k(a_0^{(k)}I+a_1^{(k)}AX_k),\quad k\in\mathbb{N}, $$ where…
A new mathematical notation is proposed for the iteration of functions. It facilitates the application of the iteration of functions in mathematical and logical expressions, definitions of sets, and formulations of algorithms. Illustrations…
We introduce an explicit logarithmic transformation $T(x) = \{\log_6(x + 1/5)\}$ under which the Collatz map becomes a rigid circle rotation by the irrational angle \(\alpha = \log_6 3\), perturbed by a uniformly bounded error term. We…
In this paper we confirm a conjecture of Sun which states that each positive integer is a sum of a square, an odd square and a triangular number. Given any positive integer m, we show that p=2m+1 is a prime congruent to 3 modulo 4 if and…
We introduce a new ``Winding Number Conjecture'' about maps from the $(d-1)$-skeleton of the $((d+1)(q-1))$-simplex into $\real^d$. This conjecture is equivalent to the Topological Tverberg Theorem. Furthermore, many statements about the…
We developed an algorithm that easily goes from one odd number to the next odd number in binary representation for the reduced forward Collatz map (Syracuse function). The algorithm indicates when an odd number can grow or shrink to the…