Mixed sums of squares and triangular numbers (III)
Number Theory
2009-02-07 v5 Combinatorics
Abstract
In this paper we confirm a conjecture of Sun which states that each positive integer is a sum of a square, an odd square and a triangular number. Given any positive integer m, we show that p=2m+1 is a prime congruent to 3 modulo 4 if and only if T_m=m(m+1)/2 cannot be expressed as a sum of two odd squares and a triangular number, i.e., p^2=x^2+8(y^2+z^2) for no odd integers x,y,z. We also show that a positive integer cannot be written as a sum of an odd square and two triangular numbers if and only if it is of the form 2T_m (m>0) with 2m+1 having no prime divisor congruent to 3 modulo 4.
Cite
@article{arxiv.0804.3750,
title = {Mixed sums of squares and triangular numbers (III)},
author = {Byeong-Kweon Oh and Zhi-Wei Sun},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:0804.3750},
year = {2009}
}