Related papers: Charge quantization from a number operator
Phase operators and phase states are introduced for irreducible representations of the Lie algebra su(3) using a polar decomposition of ladder operators. In contradistinction with su(2), it is found that the su(3) polar decomposition does…
It is shown that N=2 supersymmetric theories with central charges present some hidden quartic symmetry. This enables us to construct representations of the quartic structure induced by superalgebra representations.
A universal C*-algebra of gauge invariant operators is presented, describing the electromagnetic field as well as operations creating pairs of static electric charges having opposite signs. Making use of Gauss' law, it is shown that the…
We present a realization of quantized charge pumping. A lateral quantum dot is defined by metallic split gates in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. A surface acoustic wave whose wavelength is twice the dot length is used to pump single…
We define nonselfadjoint operator algebras with generators $L_{e_1},..., L_{e_n}, L_{f_1},...,L_{f_m}$ subject to the unitary commutation relations of the form \[ L_{e_i}L_{f_j} = \sum_{k,l} u_{i,j,k,l} L_{f_l}L_{e_k}\] where $u=…
In this article a study was made of the conditions under which a Hamiltonian which is an element of the complex $ \left\{ h (1) \oplus h(1) \right\} \uplus u(2) $ Lie algebra admits ladder operators which are also elements of this algebra.…
A topological approach to quark fractional charges, based on charge constraints unexplained by the Standard Model of particle physics, is discussed. Charge fractionalization is related to a tunneling process occurring in time between pure…
One of the most important and unanswered problems in particle physics is the origin of the three generations of quarks and leptons. The standard Model does not provide any hint regarding its sequential charge assignments, which remain a…
Starting from a weak gauge principle we give a new and critical revision of the argument leading to charge quantization on arbitrary spacetimes. The main differences of our approach with respect to previous works appear on spacetimes with…
A previously-proposed method of constructing spatially-extended gauge-invariant three-quark operators for use in Monte Carlo lattice QCD calculations is tested, and a methodology for using these operators to extract the energies of a large…
A method for describing charged relativistic Fermi fields is proposed, in which particles of opposite charges are treated equally and states with negative energy are excluded. The concept of charge quantum number is introduced. Fields of…
We identify the quantum algebra of position and momentum operators for a quantum system bearing an irreducible representation of the super Poincare algebra in the N>1 and D=4 superspace both in the case where there are not central charges…
We propose a simple renormalizable grand unified theory based on the $SU(5)$ gauge symmetry where the neutrino masses are generated at the quantum level through the Zee mechanism. In this model the same Higgs needed to correct the mass…
New ladder operators are constructed for a rational extension of the harmonic oscillator associated with type III Hermite exceptional orthogonal polynomials and characterized by an even integer $m$. The eigenstates of the Hamiltonian…
$q$-charges describe the possible actions of a generalized symmetry on $q$-dimensional operators. In Part I of this series of papers, we describe $q$-charges for invertible symmetries; while the discussion of $q$-charges for non-invertible…
Owing to their fractional electric charges, quarks are blind to transformations that combine a color center phase with an appropriate electromagnetic one. Such transformations are part of a global $Z_6$-like center symmetry of the Standard…
Powerful techniques have been developed in quantum field theory that employ algebras of local operators, yet local operators cannot create physical charged states in gauge theory or physical nonzero-energy states in perturbative quantum…
One of the most fundamental tasks in quantum thermodynamics is extracting energy from one system and subsequently storing this energy in an appropriate battery. Both of these steps, work extraction and charging, can be viewed as cyclic…
In this work, starting from commutation relations between phase-space operators (in "first quantization") we define averaged creation and annihilation operators and show that they satisfy a simple, deformed commutation relation. By…
It is shown here and in the preceeding paper (quant-ph/0201129) that vector coherent state theory, the theory of induced representations, and geometric quantization provide alternative but equivalent quantizations of an algebraic model. The…