Related papers: Charge quantization from a number operator
The structure of block-spin embeddings of the U(1) lattice current algebra is described. For an odd number of lattice sites, the inner realizations of the shift automorphism areclassified. We present a particular inner shift operator which…
For a specific exactly solvable 2 by 2 matrix model with a PT-symmetric Hamiltonian possessing a real spectrum, we construct all the eligible physical metrics and show that none of them admits a factorization CP in terms of an involutive…
We consider the algebras generated by observables in quantum field theory localized in regions in the null plane. For a scalar free field theory, we show that the one-particle structure can be decomposed into a continuous direct integral of…
We show that under a new U(1) gauge symmetry, which is non-anomalous in the presence of one ``right-handed neutrino'' per generation and consistent with the standard model Yukawa couplings, the most general fermion charges are determined in…
In the context of the local gauge group $SU(3)_c\otimes SU(3)_L\otimes U(1)_X$, we look for possible four family models, where all the particles carry ordinary electric charges. Thirteen different anomaly-free fermion structures emerge, out…
Charge reversal of the planar electrical double layer is studied by means of a well known integral equations theory. By a numerical analysis, a diagram is constructed with the onset points of charge reversal in the space of the fundamental…
A novel generalization of the Askey-Wilson algebra is presented and shown to be associated with coproducts in the quantum algebra $U_q(su(1,1))$. This algebra has 15 non-commuting generators given by $Q^{(A)}$, with $A\subset \{1,2,3,4\}$…
In this work, we introduce a broad class of circuits, or quantum cellular automata, which we call 'pairwise-difference-conserving circuits' (PDC). These models are characterized by local gates that preserve the pairwise difference of local…
Qubits are a great way to build a quantum computer, but a limited way to program one. We replace the usual "states and gates" formalism with a "props and ops" (propositions and operators) model in which (a) the C*-algebra of observables…
Non-manifest symmetries are an important feature of quantum field theories (QFTs), and yet their characteristics are not fully understood. In particular, the construction of the charge operators associated with these symmetries is…
The modular operator approach of Tomita-Takesaki to von Neumann algebras is elucidated in the algebraic structure of certain supersymmetric quantum mechanical systems. A von Neumann algebra is constructed from the operators of the system.…
In this work, we present an explanation of the electric charge quantization based on a semi-classical model of electrostatic fields. We claim that in electrostatics, an electric charge must be equal to a rational multiple of the elementary…
It is long known that quantum Calogero models feature intertwining operators, which increase or decrease the coupling constant by an integer amount, for any fixed number of particles. We name these as ``horizontal'' and construct new…
We have computed the charge that develops on an SQN in space as a result of balance between the rates of ionization by ambient gammas and capture of ambient electrons. We have also computed the times for achieving that equilibrium and…
In usual extended technicolor (ETC) theories based on the group ${\rm{SU}(N_{ETC}})_{ETC}$, the quarks of charge 2/3 and -1/3 and the charged leptons of all generations arise from ETC fermion multiplets transforming according to the…
We report on recent developments regarding the supersymmetric Free Differential Algebra describing the vacuum structure of $D=11$ supergravity. We focus on the emergence of a hidden superalgebra underlying the theory, explaining the…
If there is an extra U(1) gauge symmetry broken at low energies, then it may be possible from the charges of the known quarks and leptons under this U(1) to make inferences about how much gauge unification occurs at high scales and about…
We analyze two simple models derived from a quantum-mechanical particle on an elliptical path. The first Hamiltonian operator is non-Hermitian but equivalent to an Hermitian operator. It appears to exhibit the same two-fold degeneracy as…
We analyze a potential that produces background charges which are automatically quantized. This introduces a new mechanism for charge quantization, although so far it has only been implemented for background charges. We show that this same…
Electrons have three quantized properties -- charge, spin, and Fermi statistics -- that are directly responsible for a vast array of phenomena. Here we show how these properties can be coherently and dynamically stripped from the electron…