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The applicability of the highly idealized secondary infall model to `realistic' initial conditions is investigated. The collapse of proto-halos seeded by $3\sigma$ density perturbations to an Einstein--de Sitter universe is studied here for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-28 Saleem Zaroubi , Avi Naim , Yehuda Hoffman

Derivatives of equations of motion(EOM) describing the dynamics of rigid body systems are becoming increasingly relevant for the robotics community and find many applications in design and control of robotic systems. Controlling robots, and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Andreas Mueller , Shivesh Kumar

There is a tendency to write the equations of general relativity as a first order symmetric system of time dependent partial differential equations. However, for numerical reasons, it might be advantageous to use a second order formulation…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Heinz-O. Kreiss , Omar E. Ortiz

This paper focuses on systems of nonlinear second-order stochastic differential equations with multi-scales. The motivation for our study stems from mathematical physics and statistical mechanics, for examples, Langevin dynamics and…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-04-08 Nhu N. Nguyen , George Yin

We present sixth- and eighth-order Hermite integrators for astrophysical $N$-body simulations, which use the derivatives of accelerations up to second order ({\it snap}) and third order ({\it crackle}). These schemes do not require previous…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Keigo Nitadori , Junichiro Makino

First-order energy dissipative schemes in time are available in literature for the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations, but second-order ones are still in lack. This work proposes novel second-order discretization in time and finite…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-09-08 Jie Ding , Shenggao Zhou

Motivated by experimental probes of general relativity, we adopt methods from perturbative (quantum) field theory to compute, up to certain integrals, the effective lagrangian for its n-body problem. Perturbation theory is performed about a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-03-12 Yi-Zen Chu

We investigate how the accuracy and stability of numerical relativity simulations of 1D colliding plane waves depends on choices of equation formulations, gauge conditions, boundary conditions, and numerical methods, all in the context of a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 J. M. Bardeen , L. T. Buchman

The aim of this work is to study, from an intrinsic and geometric point of view, second-order constrained variational problems on Lie algebroids, that is, optimization problems defined by a cost functional which depends on higher-order…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2017-01-18 Leonardo Colombo

In this paper, we propose second-order sufficient optimality conditions for a very general nonconvex constrained optimization problem, which covers many prominent mathematical programs.Unlike the existing results in the literature, our…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-24 Matus Benko , Helmut Gfrerer , Jane Ye , Jin Zhang , Jinchuan Zhou

We develop a formalism for General Relativistic N-body simulations in the weak field regime, suitable for cosmological applications. The problem is kept tractable by retaining the metric perturbations to first order, the first derivatives…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-01-17 Julian Adamek , David Daverio , Ruth Durrer , Martin Kunz

We present a framework of elastic locomotion, which allows users to enliven an elastic body to produce interesting locomotion by prescribing its high-level kinematics. We formulate this problem as an inverse simulation problem and seek the…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Siyuan Shen , Tianjia Shao , Kun Zhou , Chenfanfu Jiang , Sheldon Andrews , Victor Zordan , Yin Yang

We analyze the secular evolution of hierarchical triple systems to second-order in the quadrupolar perturbation induced on the inner binary by the distant third body. The Newtonian three-body equations of motion, expanded in powers of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-10 Clifford M. Will

Second-order partial differential equations in non-divergence form are considered. Equations of this kind typically arise as subproblems for the solution of Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations in the context of stochastic optimal control, or…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-08-13 Jan Blechschmidt , Roland Herzog , Max Winkler

This paper provides second-order optimality conditions for optimization problems with generalized equation constraints (GEPs), a framework that encompasses several important and challenging models in mathematical programming, including…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-04-29 M. Benko , H. Gfrerer , J. J. Ye , J. Zhang , J. Zhou

This paper is devoted to studying the first-order variational analysis of non-convex and non-differentiable functions that may not be subdifferentially regular. To achieve this goal, we entirely rely on two concepts of directional…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-22 Ashkan Mohammadi

Second order approximate ancillaries have evolved as the primary ingredient for recent likelihood development in statistical inference. This uses quantile functions rather than the equivalent distribution functions, and the intrinsic…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2010-11-29 Ailana M. Fraser , D. A. S. Fraser , Ana-Maria Staicu

Several integration schemes exits to solve the equations of motion of the $N$-body problem. The Lie-integration method is based on the idea to solve ordinary differential equations with Lie-series. In the 1980s this method was applied for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Andras Pal , Aron Suli

Langevin simulation provides an effective way to study collisional effects in beams by reducing the six-dimensional Fokker-Planck equation to a group of stochastic ordinary differential equations. These resulting equations usually have…

Accelerator Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ji Qiang , Salman Habib

This paper extends first-order motion planners to robots governed by second-order dynamics. Two control schemes are proposed based on the knowledge of a scalar function whose negative gradient aligns with a given first-order motion planner.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Mayur Sawant , Abdelhamid Tayebi