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Recent advances in image generation gave rise to powerful tools for semantic image editing. However, existing approaches can either operate on a single image or require an abundance of additional information. They are not capable of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Evangelos Ntavelis , Andrés Romero , Iason Kastanis , Luc Van Gool , Radu Timofte

This paper introduces a surrogate model of gameplay that learns the mapping between different game facets, and applies it to a generative system which designs new content in one of these facets. Focusing on the shooter game genre, the paper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Daniel Karavolos , Antonios Liapis , Georgios N. Yannakakis

Search-based procedural content generation (PCG) is a well-known method for level generation in games. Its key advantage is that it is generic and able to satisfy functional constraints. However, due to the heavy computational costs to run…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-26 Ahmed Khalifa , Michael Cerny Green , Julian Togelius

The topic of Co-creation, i.e., AI agents interacting with humans to generate outputs (e.g., art), has gained significant attention recently. However, most studies focus on adult-human interactions in a digital setting. This paper explores…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Arturo Valdivia , Paolo Burelli

Many advancements have been made in procedural content generation for games, and with mixed-initiative co-creativity, have the potential for great benefits to human designers. However, co-creative systems for game generation are typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Rohan Agarwal , Zhiyu Lin , Mark Riedl

With increasing interest in procedural content generation by academia and game developers alike, it is vital that different approaches can be compared fairly. However, evaluating procedurally generated video game levels is often difficult,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Michael Beukman , Steven James , Christopher Cleghorn

LevelScheme is a scientific figure preparation system for Mathematica. The main emphasis is upon the construction of level schemes, or level energy diagrams, as used in nuclear, atomic, molecular, and hadronic physics. LevelScheme also…

Computational Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 M. A. Caprio

Procedural Content Generation for 3D game levels faces challenges in balancing spatial coherence, navigational functionality, and adaptable gameplay progression across multi-floor environments. This paper introduces a novel framework for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Kaijie Xu , Clark Verbrugge

3D layout generation and editing play a crucial role in Embodied AI and immersive VR interaction. However, manual creation requires tedious labor, while data-driven generation often lacks diversity. The emergence of large models introduces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Haiyan Jiang , Deyu Zhang , Dongdong Weng , Weitao Song , Henry Been-Lirn Duh

We present Lode Encoder, a gamified mixed-initiative level creation system for the classic platform-puzzle game Lode Runner. The system is built around several autoencoders which are trained on sets of Lode Runner levels. When fed with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-03 Debosmita Bhaumik , Ahmed Khalifa , Julian Togelius

Merging multiple expert models offers a promising approach for performing multi-task learning without accessing their original data. Existing methods attempt to alleviate task conflicts by sparsifying task vectors or promoting orthogonality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yongxian Wei , Anke Tang , Li Shen , Zixuan Hu , Chun Yuan , Xiaochun Cao

Playing video games requires perception, memory, and planning, exactly the faculties modern large language model (LLM) agents are expected to master. We study the major challenges in using popular video games to evaluate modern LLMs and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Lanxiang Hu , Mingjia Huo , Yuxuan Zhang , Haoyang Yu , Eric P. Xing , Ion Stoica , Tajana Rosing , Haojian Jin , Hao Zhang

Game designers use human playtesting to gather feedback about game design elements when iteratively improving a game. Playtesting, however, is expensive: human testers must be recruited, playtest results must be aggregated and interpreted,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Alexander Zook , Eric Fruchter , Mark O. Riedl

The balancing process for game levels in competitive two-player contexts involves a lot of manual work and testing, particularly for non-symmetrical game levels. In this work, we frame game balancing as a procedural content generation task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Florian Rupp , Manuel Eberhardinger , Kai Eckert

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful tools, capable of leveraging their training on natural language to write stories, generate code, and answer questions. But can they generate functional video game levels? Game levels, with their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Graham Todd , Sam Earle , Muhammad Umair Nasir , Michael Cerny Green , Julian Togelius

Object manipulation in images aims to not only edit the object's presentation but also gift objects with motion. Previous methods encountered challenges in concurrently handling static editing and dynamic generation, while also struggling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Ruisi Zhao , Zechuan Zhang , Zongxin Yang , Yi Yang

Recent years, there has been growing interests in experience-driven procedural level generation. Various metrics have been formulated to model player experience and help generate personalised levels. In this work, we question whether…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Keyuan Zhang , Jiayu Bai , Jialin Liu

Methods for dynamic difficulty adjustment allow games to be tailored to particular players to maximize their engagement. However, current methods often only modify a limited set of game features such as the difficulty of the opponents, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Miguel González-Duque , Rasmus Berg Palm , David Ha , Sebastian Risi

Game designs often center on the game mechanics---rules governing the logical evolution of the game. We seek to develop an intelligent system that generates computer games. As first steps towards this goal we present a composable and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-06 Alexander Zook , Mark O. Riedl

Techniques for procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) have been shown to be useful for generating novel game content. While used primarily for producing new content in the style of the game domain used for training,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Anurag Sarkar , Adam Summerville , Sam Snodgrass , Gerard Bentley , Joseph Osborn