Related papers: Fermat's Last Theorem for the Exponent 3

We give a cyclotomic proof of the fact that the equation $\frac{x^p + y^p}{x+y} = p^e z^p$ has no solutions in coprime integers $x,y,z$ and $p > 3$, a prime. This implies in particular Fermat's Last Theorem.

This paper provides a proof of a LLT-like test for Fermat numbers, based on the properties of Lucas Sequences and on the method of Lehmer.

Every odd prime number p can be written in exactly (p + 1)/2 ways as a sum ab + cd with min(a, b) > max(c, d) of two ordered products. This gives a new proof Fermat's Theorem expressing primes of the form 1 + 4N as sums of two squares 1 .

We solve the diophantine equations x^4 + d y^2 = z^p for d=2 and d=3 and any prime p>349 and p>131 respectively. The method consists in generalizing the ideas applied by Frey, Ribet and Wiles in the solution of Fermat's Last Theorem, and by…

Let $A$ be a sufficiently dense subset of a finite field $\mathbb F_q$ or a finite, cyclic ring $\mathbb Z/ N\mathbb Z$. Assuming that $q$ and $N$ have no small prime divisors, we show that generalised Fermat equations have the expected…

Let $K$ be a totally real number field of odd degree. Let $l \geq 5$ be a prime with $l \nmid [K:\mathbb{Q}]$ and $\gcd(\frac{l-1}{2}, [K:\mathbb{Q}])=1$. We prove that if $2$ is inert in $K$, $l$ is non-Wieferich, i.e., $2^{l-1} \not\equiv…

The first part of this article studies the collapses of point-vortices for the Euler equation in the plane and for surface quasi-geostrophic equations in the general setting of $\alpha$ models. In these models the kernel of the Biot-Savart…

Two novel version of weak form quadrature elements are proposed based on Lagrange and Hermite interpolations, respectively, for a sec- ond strain gradient Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The second strain gradient theory is governed by eighth…

In this note I give simple proofs of classical results of Euler, Legendre and Sylvester showing that for certain integers M there are no (or only a few) solutions of $x^3 + y^3 = M$, with $x$ and $y$ in $\mathbb{Q}$. The proofs all use a…

We construct a computable, computably categorical field of infinite transcendence degree over the rational numbers, using the Fermat polynomials and assorted results from algebraic geometry. We also show that this field has an intrinsically…

By applying inter-universal Teichm\"uller theory and its slight modification over the rational number field, we prove new Diophantine results towards effective abc inequalities and the generalized Fermat equations. For coprime integers $a,…

We present a self-contained proof of the Gauss-Bonnet theorem for two-dimensional surfaces embedded in $R^3$ using just classical vector calculus. The exposition should be accessible to advanced undergraduate and non-expert graduate…

We formalize a proof of the irrationality of $\zeta(3)$ in Lean 4, using Beukers' method. To support this, we extend the Lean mathematical library (Mathlib) by formalizing shifted Legendre polynomials and important results in analytic…

In this paper we construct number fields ramified at 2 and 3 only, with various moderate-sized non-solvable Galois groups. We construct these fields by specializing three point covers, some from the literature and some new here. The…

With a simple transformation of the three exponents the generalized Fermat equation can be put into the same form as the Fermat equation. When it is rewritten into this new altered form any real solutions to the altered equation equal a…

We give an explicit formulae for obtaining the translation symmetries in the cartesian product $X^N$, where $N$ is some positive integer and $X$ is some finite set. Moreover, we obtain some fundamental results from elementary number theory.

We use actions by finite cyclic groups to derive generalizations of three classical theorems from elementary number theory.

The theory of differential equations has an arithmetic analogue in which derivatives of functions are replaced by Fermat quotients of numbers. Many classical differential equations (Riccati, Weierstrass, Painlev\'{e}, etc.) were previously…

A positive integer $A$ is called a congruent number if $A$ is the area of a right-angled triangle with three rational sides. Equivalently, $A$ is a congruent number if and only if the congruent number curve $y^2=x^3-A^2x$ has a rational…

We consider small solutions of quadratic congruences of the form $x_1^2+\alpha_2x_2^2+\alpha_3x_3^2\equiv 0 \bmod{q}$, where $q=p^m$ is an odd prime power. Here, $\alpha_2$ is arbitrary but fixed and $\alpha_3$ is variable, and we assume…