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Generalized Fermat equation over cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_l$-extensions of totally real fields

Number Theory 2026-05-21 v1

Abstract

Let KK be a totally real number field of odd degree. Let l5l \geq 5 be a prime with l[K:Q]l \nmid [K:\mathbb{Q}] and gcd(l12,[K:Q])=1\gcd(\frac{l-1}{2}, [K:\mathbb{Q}])=1. We prove that if 22 is inert in KK, ll is non-Wieferich, i.e., 2l1≢1(modl2)2^{l-1} \not\equiv 1 \pmod{l^2}, and ll is totally ramified in KK, then the asymptotic Fermat's Last Theorem holds over each nn-th layer Kn,lK_{n,l} of the cyclotomic Zl\mathbb{Z}_l-extension of KK. We then prove that the generalized Fermat equation Axp+Byp+Czp=0Ax^p+By^p+Cz^p=0 has no asymptotic solution over each nn-th layer Kn,lK_{n,l} when A,B,C{u2r:uOK×, rZ0}A,B,C \in \{u2^r : u\in \mathcal{O}_K^\times,\ r \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}\}. For any odd prime dd, we also prove that if A,B,C{±2rds:r,sZ0}A,B,C \in \{\pm 2^r d^s : r,s \in \mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}\} and hQn,l+h_{\mathbb{Q}_{n,l}}^+ is odd, then the generalized Fermat equation Axp+Byp+Czp=0Ax^p+By^p+Cz^p=0 has no effective asymptotic solution (a,b,c)OQn,l3(a,b,c) \in \mathcal{O}_{\mathbb{Q}_{n,l}}^3 with 2abc2 \mid abc. The effectivity in the case of Qn,l\mathbb{Q}_{n,l} follows from a result of Throne proving the modularity of elliptic curves over Qn,l\mathbb{Q}_{n,l}.

Keywords

Cite

@article{arxiv.2605.20860,
  title  = {Generalized Fermat equation over cyclotomic $\mathbb{Z}_l$-extensions of totally real fields},
  author = {Satyabrat Sahoo},
  journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:2605.20860},
  year   = {2026}
}

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9 pages