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We propose a nonparametric statistical test for goodness-of-fit: given a set of samples, the test determines how likely it is that these were generated from a target density function. The measure of goodness-of-fit is a divergence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-09-28 Kacper Chwialkowski , Heiko Strathmann , Arthur Gretton

We propose a goodness-of-fit measure for probability densities modeling observations with varying dimensionality, such as text documents of differing lengths or variable-length sequences. The proposed measure is an instance of the kernel…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-14 Jerome Baum , Heishiro Kanagawa , Arthur Gretton

This paper formally derives the asymptotic distribution of a goodness-of-fit test based on the Kernel Stein Discrepancy introduced in (Oscar Key et al., "Composite Goodness-of-fit Tests with Kernels", Journal of Machine Learning Research…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Florian Brück , Veronika Reimoser , Fabian Baier

Model misspecification can create significant challenges for the implementation of probabilistic models, and this has led to development of a range of robust methods which directly account for this issue. However, whether these more…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-22 Oscar Key , Arthur Gretton , François-Xavier Briol , Tamara Fernandez

Kernel Stein discrepancy (KSD) is a widely used kernel-based measure of discrepancy between probability measures. It is often employed in the scenario where a user has a collection of samples from a candidate probability measure and wishes…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-02-13 George Wynne , Mikołaj Kasprzak , Andrew B. Duncan

We present a sequential version of the kernelized Stein discrepancy goodness-of-fit test, which allows for conducting goodness-of-fit tests for unnormalized densities that are continuously monitored and adaptively stopped. That is, the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-18 Diego Martinez-Taboada , Aaditya Ramdas

We propose novel kernel-based tests for assessing the equivalence between distributions. Traditional goodness-of-fit testing is inappropriate for concluding the absence of distributional differences, because failure to reject the null…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-17 Xing Liu , Axel Gandy

A new goodness-of-fit test for normality in high-dimension (and Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space) is proposed. It shares common ideas with the Maximum Mean Discrepancy (MMD) it outperforms both in terms of computation time and applicability…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-04-14 Jérémie Kellner , Alain Celisse

We propose two nonparametric statistical tests of goodness of fit for conditional distributions: given a conditional probability density function $p(y|x)$ and a joint sample, decide whether the sample is drawn from $p(y|x)r_x(x)$ for some…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-01 Wittawat Jitkrittum , Heishiro Kanagawa , Bernhard Schölkopf

We propose a novel adaptive test of goodness-of-fit, with computational cost linear in the number of samples. We learn the test features that best indicate the differences between observed samples and a reference model, by minimizing the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-10-25 Wittawat Jitkrittum , Wenkai Xu , Zoltan Szabo , Kenji Fukumizu , Arthur Gretton

We propose a kernel-based nonparametric test of relative goodness of fit, where the goal is to compare two models, both of which may have unobserved latent variables, such that the marginal distribution of the observed variables is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-10 Heishiro Kanagawa , Wittawat Jitkrittum , Lester Mackey , Kenji Fukumizu , Arthur Gretton

Survival Analysis and Reliability Theory are concerned with the analysis of time-to-event data, in which observations correspond to waiting times until an event of interest such as death from a particular disease or failure of a component…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-28 Tamara Fernandez , Nicolas Rivera , Wenkai Xu , Arthur Gretton

Goodness-of-fit testing is often criticized for its lack of practical relevance: since ``all models are wrong'', the null hypothesis that the data conform to our model is ultimately always rejected as the sample size grows. Despite this,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-24 Xing Liu , François-Xavier Briol

In many fields, data appears in the form of direction (unit vector) and usual statistical procedures are not applicable to such directional data. In this study, we propose non-parametric goodness-of-fit testing procedures for general…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-18 Wenkai Xu , Takeru Matsuda

Kernelized Stein discrepancy (KSD), though being extensively used in goodness-of-fit tests and model learning, suffers from the curse-of-dimensionality. We address this issue by proposing the sliced Stein discrepancy and its scalable and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Wenbo Gong , Yingzhen Li , José Miguel Hernández-Lobato

Non-parametric goodness-of-fit testing procedures based on kernel Stein discrepancies (KSD) are promising approaches to validate general unnormalised distributions in various scenarios. Existing works focused on studying kernel choices to…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-02 Wenkai Xu

In many applications, we encounter data on Riemannian manifolds such as torus and rotation groups. Standard statistical procedures for multivariate data are not applicable to such data. In this study, we develop goodness-of-fit testing and…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-03-02 Wenkai Xu , Takeru Matsuda

Computable Stein discrepancies have been deployed for a variety of applications, ranging from sampler selection in posterior inference to approximate Bayesian inference to goodness-of-fit testing. Existing convergence-determining Stein…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-12 Jonathan H. Huggins , Lester Mackey

We explore the minimax optimality of goodness-of-fit tests on general domains using the kernelized Stein discrepancy (KSD). The KSD framework offers a flexible approach for goodness-of-fit testing, avoiding strong distributional…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-01-24 Omar Hagrass , Bharath Sriperumbudur , Krishnakumar Balasubramanian

Kernelized Stein discrepancy (KSD) is a score-based discrepancy widely used in goodness-of-fit tests. It can be applied even when the target distribution has an unknown normalising factor, such as in Bayesian analysis. We show theoretically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-06-06 Xing Liu , Andrew B. Duncan , Axel Gandy
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