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In this work, we study fast time scale dynamic interactions between inverters, synchronous machines, and transmission lines. The overlapping time scales between inverter controls and electromagnetic phenomena idfentified in recent years has…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-07 Gabriel E. Colon-Reyes , Ruth Kravis , Sunash Sharma , Duncan Callaway

The absolute requirement to increase the amount of energy generation from renewable sources e.g. predominantly asynchronously connected wind turbines and photovoltaic installations, may in practice during transient events (where frequency…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-14 Marios Zarifakis , William T. Coffey , Yuri P. Kalmykov , Serguey V. Titov , Declan J. Byrne , Stephen J. Carrig

Grid-connected inverters are required to operate stably under a wide range of grid conditions. However, conventional grid-following (GFL) control may suffer from instability under weak-grid conditions, while grid-forming (GFM) control may…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-07 Zirui Wang , Yitong Li , Quanchi Wu , Jinjun Liu

Grid-interfacing inverters act as the interface between renewable resources and the electric grid, and have the potential to offer fast and programmable controls compared to synchronous generators. With this flexibility there has been…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-25 Trager Joswig-Jones , Baosen Zhang

As the penetration level of distributed energy resources (DERs) continues to rise, traditional frequency and voltage support from synchronous machines declines. This weakens grid stability and increases the need for fast and adaptive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-06 Yan Tong , Qin Wang , Sihao Chen , Xue Hu , Zhaoyuan Wu

The way in which electric power depends on the topology of circuits with mixed voltage and current sources is examined. The power flowing in any steady-state DC circuit is shown to depend on a minimal set of key variables called fundamental…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Shuai Wang , John Baillieul

This paper investigates the frequency control of multi-machine power systems subject to uncertain and dynamic net loads. We propose distributed internal model controllers that coordinate synchronous generators and demand response to tackle…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-01-10 Hunmin Kim , Minghui Zhu , Jianming Lian

Distributed consensus-based controllers for optimal secondary frequency regulation of microgrids and power systems have received substantial attention in recent years. This paper provides a Lyapunov-based proof that, under a time-scale…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-11 John W. Simpson-Porco

This paper introduces the novel Droop-e grid-forming power electronic converter control strategy, which establishes a non-linear, active power--frequency droop relationship based on an exponential function of the power output. A primary…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-26 Rick Wallace Kenyon , Amirhossein Sajadi , Bri-Mathias Hodge

DC microgrids are becoming popular as effective means to integrate various renewable energy resources. Constant power loads (CPLs) may yield instability due to the negative impedance characteristic. This paper analyzes the stability of the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Zhangjie Liu , Mei Su , Yao Sun , Hua Han , Xiaochao Hou , Josep M. Guerrero

A new method for the stability assessment of inverter-based microgrids is presented in this paper. Directly determining stability boundaries by searching the multidimensional space of inverters' droop gains is a computationally prohibitive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-02 Andrey Gorbunov , Jimmy Chih-Hsien Peng , Janusz W. Bialek , Petr Vorobev

This paper presents a distributed frequency control method for power grids with high penetration of inverter-connected resources under low and time-varying inertia due to renewable energy (RE). We provide a distributed virtual inertia (VI)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-20 Manasa Muralidharan , Jan Kleissl , Patricia Hidalgo-Gonzalez

Hybrid AC/DC transmission grids incorporate Modular Multilevel Converters functioning as Interconnecting Power Converters (IPCs). The control role assigned to each converter significantly influences grid dynamics. Traditionally, these…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-10 Francesca Rossi , Sergi Costa Dilme , Josep Arevalo-Soler , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Oriol Gomis-Bellmunt

High penetration of distributed energy resources (DERs) is transforming the paradigm in power system operation. The ability to provide electricity to customers while the main grid is disrupted has introduced the concept of microgrids with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-12-27 Amin Gholami , Xu Andy Sun

We study control of synchronization in weakly coupled oscillator networks by using a phase reduction approach. Starting from a general class of limit cycle oscillators we derive a phase model, which shows that delayed feedback control…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2015-12-21 Viktor Novičenko

Voltage stability is a critical feature of an efficiently operating power distribution system such as a DC islanded microgrid. Large-scale autonomous power systems can be defined by heterogeneous elements, uncertainty and changing…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-03-21 Daniel O'Keeffe , Stefano Riverso , Laura Albiol-Tendillo , Gordon Lightbody

With the increasing interest in converter-fed islanded microgrids, particularly for resilience, it is becoming more critical to understand the dynamical behavior of these systems. This paper takes a holistic view of grid-forming converters…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-05 Ciaran Roberts , Jose Daniel Lara , Rodrigo Henriquez-Auba , Bala Kameshwar Poolla , Duncan S. Callaway

Adaptive networks change their connectivity with time, depending on their dynamical state. While synchronization in structurally static networks has been studied extensively, this problem is much more challenging for adaptive networks. In…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2021-01-20 Rico Berner , Simon Vock , Eckehard Schöll , Serhiy Yanchuk

This paper presents the novel Droop-e grid-forming inverter control strategy, which establishes an active power-frequency relationship based on an exponential function of the inverter power dispatch. The advantages of this control strategy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-11 Rick Wallace Kenyon , Amirhossein Sajadi , Bri-Mathias Hodge

Power electronic converters for integrating renewable energy resources into power systems can be divided into grid-forming and grid-following inverters. They possess certain similarities, but several important differences, which means that…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-28 Yitong Li , Yunjie Gu , Timothy C. Green