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Due to the energy transition, today's electrical networks include synchronous machines and inverter-based resources interfacing renewable energies such as wind turbines, solar panels, and Battery Energy Storage Systems to the grid. In such…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-08 Pamela Zoghby , Bogdan Marinescu , Antoine Rosse , Gregoire Prime

This paper addresses the challenge of network synchronization under limited communication, involving heterogeneous agents with different dynamics and various network topologies, to achieve consensus. We investigate the distributed adaptive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-08 Moh. Kamalul Wafi , Milad Siami

This article introduces two control frameworks: one for Grid-Following (GFL) inverters aiding Grid-Forming (GFM) inverters in voltage regulation during large contingency events and optimizing power transactions under normal conditions; and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-25 Jaesang Park , Alireza Askarian , Srinivasa Salapaka

The synchronization stability has been analyzed as one of the important dynamical characteristics of power grids. In this study, we bring the operational perspective to the synchronization stability analysis by counting not only full but…

Physics and Society · Physics 2021-07-07 Heetae Kim

The synchronization stability of a complex network system of coupled phase oscillators is discussed. In case the network is affected by disturbances, a stochastic linearized system of the coupled phase oscillators may be used to determine…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2023-03-31 Kaihua Xi , Zhen Wang , Aijie Cheng , Hai Xiang Lin , Jan H. van Schuppen , Chenghui Zhang

This work establishes the equivalence of selected grid-forming control algorithms within the context of simplified theoretical models. Considered algorithms are droop control, Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) and matching control. It is…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-01 Aidar Zhetessov

Hybrid AC/DC microgrids with distributed energy storage (DS) improve power reliability in remote areas. Existing power management methods either focus on steady-state power sharing or transient inertia support, but rarely combine both. They…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-06 Qingzuo Meng , Pengfeng Lin , Yujie Wang , Miao Zhu , Amer M. Ghias , Syed Islam , Frede Blaabjerg

Forming (hybrid) AC/DC microgrids (MGs) has become a promising manner for the interconnection of various kinds of distributed generators that are inherently AC or DC electric sources. This paper addresses the distributed asynchronous power…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-05-02 Zhaojian Wang , Shengwei Mei , Feng Liu , Peng Yi , Ming Cao

Inverter-based resources (IBRs) are becoming increasingly prevalent in power systems. Due to the inherently low inertia of inverters, there is a heightened risk of disruptive voltage oscillations. A particular challenge in the operation of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-21 Zixiao Ma , Baosen Zhang

Reliable and secure operation of power systems becomes increasingly challenging as the share of volatile generation rises, leading to largely changing dynamics. Typically, the architecture and structure of controllers in power systems, such…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-06 A. Mesanovic , U. Münz , A. Szabo , M. Mangold , J. Bamberger , M. Metzger , C. Heyde , R. Krebs , R. Findeisen

Complex systems, such as the power grid, are essential for our daily lives. Many complex systems display (multi-)fractal behavior, correlated fluctuations and power laws. Whether the power-grid frequency, an indicator about the balance on…

Grid-following inverters have been widely adopted as a grid interface for renewable energy, and ensuring their small-signal and large-signal stability is critical to modern power systems. Their large-signal, or transient, stability is a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Yifan Zhang , Yunjie Gu , Yue Zhu , Yitong Li , Hsiao-Dong Chiang , Timothy C. Green

We prove that the popular grid-forming control, i.e., dispatchable virtual oscillator control (dVOC), also termed complex droop control, exhibits output-feedback passivity in its large-signal model, featuring an explicit and physically…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-05 Xiuqiang He , Florian Dörfler

The presence of constant power loads (CPLs) in dc shipboard microgrids may lead to unstable conditions. The present work investigates the stability properties of dc microgrids where CPLs are fed by fuel cells (FCs), and energy storage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-22 Francesco Conte , Fabio D'Agostino , Samuele Grillo , Stefano Massucco , Federico Silvestro

This paper investigates voltage stability in inverter-based power systems concerning fold and saddle-node bifurcations. An analytical expression is derived for the sensitivity of the stability margin using the normal vector to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-10 Sushobhan Chatterjee , Sijia Geng

Large-scale integration of renewables in power systems gives rise to new challenges for keeping synchronization and frequency stability in volatile and uncertain power flow states. To ensure the safety of operation, the system must maintain…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-21 Chao Duan , Pratyush Chakraborty , Takashi Nishikawa , Adilson E. Motter

The increasing penetration of inertialess new renewable energy sources reduces the overall mechanical inertia available in power grids and accordingly raises a number of issues of grid stability over short to medium time scales. It has been…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-02-16 Laurent Pagnier , Philippe Jacquod

High levels of penetration of distributed generation and aggressive reactive power compensation with modern power electronics may result in the reversal of active and reactive power flows in future distribution grids. The voltage stability…

Chaotic Dynamics · Physics 2014-07-09 Hung D. Nguyen , Konstantin Turitsyn

As the energy transition transforms power grids across the globe, it poses several challenges regarding grid design and control. In particular, high levels of intermittent renewable generation complicate the task of continuously balancing…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-08-07 Randall Martyr , Benjamin Schaefer , Christian Beck , Vito Latora

This paper examines distribution systems with a high integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and addresses the design of local control methods for real-time voltage regulation. Particularly, the paper focuses on proportional…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-07-27 Kyri Baker , Andrey Bernstein , Emiliano Dall'Anese , Changhong Zhao