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Gaze-based virtual keyboards provide an effective interface for text entry by eye movements. The efficiency and usability of these keyboards have traditionally been evaluated with conventional text entry performance measures such as words…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-04-10 Korok Sengupta , Jun Sun , Raphael Menges , Chandan Kumar , Steffen Staab

Over the past decade, the demand for communication devices has increased among individuals with mobility and speech impairments. Eye-gaze tracking has emerged as a promising solution for hands-free communication; however, traditional…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yogesh Kumar Meena , Manish Salvi

Text entry is a common activity in virtual reality (VR) systems. There is a limited number of available hands-free techniques, which allow users to carry out text entry when users' hands are busy such as holding items or hand-based devices…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Xueshi Lu , Difeng Yu , Hai-Ning Liang , Wenge Xu , Yuzheng Chen , Xiang Li , Khalad Hasan

Vision based text entry systems aim to help disabled people achieve text communication using eye movement. Most previous methods have employed an existing eye tracker to predict gaze direction and design an input method based upon that.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Chi Zhang , Rui Yao , Jinpeng Cai

Interactive evolution has shown the potential to create amazing and complex forms in both 2-D and 3-D settings. However, the algorithm is slow and users quickly become fatigued. We propose that the use of eye tracking for interactive…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2013-04-22 Nick Cheney , Jeff Clune , Jason Yosinski , Hod Lipson

Hand-based interaction, such as using a handheld controller or making hand gestures, has been widely adopted as the primary method for interacting with both virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) head-mounted displays (HMDs). In…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Xuanru Meng , Wenge Xu , Hai-Ning Liang

Text selection is an essential activity in interactive systems, including virtual reality (VR) head-mounted displays (HMDs). It is useful for: sharing information across apps or platforms, highlighting and making notes while reading…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Wenge Xu , Xuanru Meng , Kangyou Yu , Sayan Sacar , Hai-Ning Liang

In order to avoid the "Midas Touch" problem, gaze-based interfaces for selection often introduce a dwell time: a fixed amount of time the user must fixate upon an object before it is selected. Past interfaces have used a uniform dwell time…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Zhaokang Chen , Bertram E. Shi

Text selection is a common and essential activity during text interaction in all interactive systems. As Augmented Reality (AR) head-mounted displays (HMDs) become more widespread, they will need to provide effective interaction techniques…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Xinyi Liu , Xuanru Meng , Becky Spittle , Wenge Xu , BoYu Gao , Hai-Ning Liang

Human-computer interactions based on gaze-tracking have spread during the last few years. Video games, applications in health, trading, market research, and many other fields have started to use this new technology that seems invisible to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Sébastien Riou , Didier Schwab , François Bérard

Enabling gaze interaction in real-time on handheld mobile devices has attracted significant attention in recent years. An increasing number of research projects have focused on sophisticated appearance-based deep learning models to enhance…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Yaxiong Lei , Yuheng Wang , Tyler Caslin , Alexander Wisowaty , Xu Zhu , Mohamed Khamis , Juan Ye

Eye typing interfaces enable a person to enter text into an interface using only their own eyes. But despite the inherent advantages of touchless operation and intuitive design, such eye-typing interfaces often suffer from slow typing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Zhe Zeng , Xiao Wang , Felix Wilhelm Siebert , Hailong Liu

Accuracy and speed are pivotal when typing. Mixed reality typing is typically performed by typing on a midair keyboard with your index fingers. This deprives users of both the tactile feedback available on physical devices and the ability…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Cecilia Schmitz , Joshua Reynolds , Scott Kuhl , Keith Vertanen

The potential of gaze for hands-free mobile interaction is increasingly evident. While each gaze input technique presents distinct advantages and limitations, a combination can amplify strengths and mitigate challenges. We report on the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Omar Namnakani , Yasmeen Abdrabou , Jonathan Grizou , Mohamed Khamis

One of the main challenges of gaze-based interactions is the ability to distinguish normal eye function from a deliberate interaction with the computer system, commonly referred to as 'Midas touch'. In this paper we propose, EyeTAP (Eye…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Mohsen Parisay , Charalambos Poullis , Marta Kersten

The click behavior is the most widely-used user positive feedback in recommendation. However, simply considering each click equally in training may suffer from clickbaits and title-content mismatching, and thus fail to precisely capture…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Ruobing Xie , Lin Ma , Shaoliang Zhang , Feng Xia , Leyu Lin

We describe a method for text entry based on inverse arithmetic coding that relies on gaze direction and which is faster and more accurate than using an on-screen keyboard. These benefits are derived from two innovations: the writing task…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2015-06-25 David J. Ward , David J. C. MacKay

Given the ubiquity of SmartTVs and head-mounted-display-based virtual environments, recent research has explored techniques to support eyes-free text entry using touchscreen devices. However, proposed techniques, leveraging lexicons, limit…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Damien Masson , Zhe Liu , Charles Xu

Continuous assessment of task difficulty and mental workload is essential in improving the usability and accessibility of interactive systems. Eye tracking data has often been investigated to achieve this ability, with reports on the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Youngjun Cho

On-screen keyboard eye-typing systems are limited due to the lack of predictive text and user-centred approaches, resulting in low text entry rates and frequent recalibration. This work proposes integrating the prediction by partial…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Hrushikesh Etikikota , Yogesh Kumar Meena
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