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The study of longest increasing subsequences (LIS) in permutations led to that of Young diagrams via Robinson-Schensted's (RS) correspondence. In a celebrated paper, Vershik and Kerov obtained a limit theorem for such diagrams and found…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-19 Victor Dubach

The Mallows model on $S_n$ is a probability distribution on permutations, $q^{d(\pi,e)}/P_n(q)$, where $d(\pi,e)$ is the distance between $\pi$ and the identity element, relative to the Coxeter generators. Equivalently, it is the number of…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Shannon Starr

Finding the length of the longest increasing subsequence (LIS) is a classic algorithmic problem. Let $n$ denote the size of the array. Simple $O(n\log n)$ algorithms are known for this problem. We develop a polylogarithmic time randomized…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-08-06 M. Saks , C. Seshadhri

We show that the Mallows measure on permutations of $1,\ldots,n$ arises as the law of the unique Gale-Shapley stable matching of the random bipartite graph conditioned to be perfect, where preferences arise from a total ordering of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Omer Angel , Alexander E. Holroyd , Tom Hutchcroft , Avi Levy

We introduce a probability distribution Q on the group of permutations of the set Z of integers. Distribution Q is a natural extension of the Mallows distribution on the finite symmetric group. A one-sided infinite counterpart of Q,…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-03-04 Alexander Gnedin , Grigori Olshanski

The authors consider the length, $l_N$, of the length of the longest increasing subsequence of a random permutation of $N$ numbers. The main result in this paper is a proof that the distribution function for $l_N$, suitably centered and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Jinho Baik , Percy Deift , Kurt Johansson

For a positive number $q$ the Mallows measure on the symmetric group is the probability measure on $S_n$ such that $P_{n,q}(\pi)$ is proportional to $q$-to-the-power-$\mathrm{inv}(\pi)$ where $\mathrm{inv}(\pi)$ equals the number of…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-05-25 Shannon Starr , Meg Walters

The discrete distribution of the length of longest increasing subsequences in random permutations of $n$ integers is deeply related to random matrix theory. In a seminal work, Baik, Deift and Johansson provided an asymptotics in terms of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-21 Folkmar Bornemann

Let $A^{(n)}_{l;k}\subset S_n$ denote the set of permutations of $[n]$ for which the set of $l$ consecutive numbers $\{k, k+1,\cdots, k+l-1\}$ appears in a set of consecutive positions. Under the uniformly probability measure $P_n$ on…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-21 Ross G. Pinsky

Introduced by Mallows as a ranking model in statistics, Mallows permutation model is a class of non-uniform probability distributions on the symmetric group $S_n$. The model depends on a distance metric on $S_n$ and a scale parameter…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-12-27 Chenyang Zhong

The Mallows distribution is a non-uniform distribution, first introduced over permutations to study non-ranked data, in which permutations are weighted according to their length. It can be generalized to any Coxeter group, and we study the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-13 Maxwell Sun

In this work, we present a plethora of results for the range longest increasing subsequence problem (Range-LIS) and its variants. The input to RLIS is a sequence $S$ of $n$ real numbers and a collection $Q$ of $m$ query ranges, and for each…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Karthik C. S. , Saladi Rahul

For a word $\pi$ and integer $i$, we define $L^i(\pi)$ to be the length of the longest subsequence of the form $i(i+1)\cdots j$, and we let $L(\pi):=\max_i L^i(\pi)$. In this paper we estimate the expected values of $L^1(\pi)$ and $L(\pi)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-22 Alexander Clifton , Bishal Deb , Yifeng Huang , Sam Spiro , Semin Yoo

Let $S_n$ be the set of all permutations of $\{1,2,\ldots,n\}$ and let $\sigma=(\sigma_1,\sigma_2,\ldots,\sigma_n)\in S_n$. The {\it initial longest increasing sequence} (ILIS) in $\sigma$ has length $m$ if, for $1\le m\le n-1$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Ljuben Mutafchiev

A random permutation $\Pi_n$ of $\{1,\dots,n\}$ follows the $\DeclareMathOperator{\Mallows}{Mallows}\Mallows(n,q)$ distribution with parameter $q>0$ if $\mathbb{P} ( \Pi_n = \pi )$ is proportional to $\DeclareMathOperator{\inv}{inv}…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Tobias Muller , Fiona Skerman , Teun W. Verstraaten

Mallows permutation model, introduced by Mallows in statistical ranking theory, is a class of non-uniform probability measures on the symmetric group $S_n$. The model depends on a distance metric $d(\sigma,\tau)$ on $S_n$, which can be…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-28 Chenyang Zhong

Let $(X_n)_{n\ge 0}$ be an irreducible, aperiodic, and homogeneous binary Markov chain and let $LI_n$ be the length of the longest (weakly) increasing subsequence of $(X_k)_{1\le k \le n}$. Using combinatorial constructions and weak…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-08-27 Christian Houdré , Trevis J. Litherland

Let $\pi$ be a permutation of $[n]=\{1,\dots,n\}$ and denote by $\ell(\pi)$ the length of a longest increasing subsequence of $\pi$. Let $\ell_{n,k}$ be the number of permutations $\pi$ of $[n]$ with $\ell(\pi)=k$. Chen conjectured that the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-30 Miklós Bóna , Marie-Louise Lackner , Bruce Sagan

\textit{Mallows model} is a widely-used probabilistic framework for learning from ranking data, with applications ranging from recommendation systems and voting to aligning language models with human preferences~\cite{chen2024mallows,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-14 Yeganeh Alimohammadi , Kiana Asgari

We compute the limit distribution for (centered and scaled) length of the longest increasing subsequence of random colored permutations. The limit distribution function is a power of that for usual random permutations computed recently by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Alexei Borodin