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This paper is concerned with the stochastic thermodynamics of non-equilibrium Gaussian processes that can exhibit anomalous diffusion. In the systems considered, the noise correlation function is not necessarily related to friction. Thus,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-12-20 S. Mohsen J. Khadem , Rainer Klages , Sabine H. L. Klapp

We derive the optimal estimates of the free energies of an arbitrary number of thermodynamic states from nonequilibrium work measurements; the work data are collected from forward and reverse switching processes and obey a fluctuation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-11 Paul Maragakis , Martin Spichty , Martin Karplus

Active matter generates order or patterns through nonequilibrium dynamics. An open research challenge is to determine how efficiently a nonequilibrium self-organising system can convert consumed energy into macroscopic order. We study an…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2026-05-07 Qianyang Chen , Mikhail Prokopenko

Fluctuation theorems are fundamental extensions of the second law of thermodynamics for small nonequilibrium systems. While work and heat are equally important forms of energy exchange, fluctuation relations have not been experimentally…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-24 Markus Rademacher , Michael Konopik , Maxime Debiossac , David Grass , Eric Lutz , Nikolai Kiesel

We investigate thermodynamics of general nonequilibrium processes stopped at stochastic times. We propose a systematic strategy for constructing fluctuation-theorem-like martingales for each thermodynamic functional, yielding a family of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-06-02 Haoran Yang , Hao Ge

We investigate the thermodynamic properties of a single inertial probe driven into a nonequilibrium steady-state by random collisions with self-propelled active walkers. The probe and walkers are confined within a gravitational harmonic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-13 Dima Boriskovsky , Rémi Goerlich , Benjamin Lindner , Yael Roichman

The response of thermodynamic systems perturbed out of an equilibrium steady-state is described by the reciprocal and the fluctuation-dissipation relations. The so-called fluctuation theorems extended the study of fluctuations far beyond…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-02-21 Matteo Polettini , Massimiliano Esposito

We formulate a general theory of thermal fluctuations within causal second-order viscous hydrodynamic evolution of matter formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The fluctuation is treated perturbatively on top of a boost-invariant…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-05-16 Chandrodoy Chattopadhyay , Rajeev S. Bhalerao , Subrata Pal

There is evidence that taking the time average of the work performed by a thermally isolated system effectively "transforms" the adiabatic process into an isothermal one. This approach allows inherent quantities of adiabatic processes to be…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-10-03 Pierre Nazé

The latest generation of transistors are nanoscale devices whose performance and reliability are limited by thermal noise in low-power applications. Therefore developing efficient methods to compute the voltage and current fluctuations in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-12-20 Ashwin Gopal , Massimiliano Esposito , Nahuel Freitas

We analyze energetics of a non-Gaussian process described by a stochastic differential equation of the Langevin type. The process represents a paradigmatic model of a nonequilibrium system subject to thermal fluctuations and additional…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-16 L. Kusmierz , J. M. Rubi , E. Gudowska-Nowak

One of the most important goals in quantum thermodynamics is to demonstrate advantages of thermodynamic protocols over their classical counterparts. For that, it is necessary to (i) develop theoretical tools and experimental set-ups to deal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-01 Elisa Bäumer , Matteo Lostaglio , Martí Perarnau-Llobet , Rui Sampaio

Fluctuation theorems make use of time reversal to make predictions about entropy production in many-body systems far from thermal equilibrium. Here we review the wide variety of distinct, but interconnected, relations that have been derived…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-08-02 R. J. Harris , G. M. Schütz

The fluctuation-dissipation theorem is a fundamental result in statistical physics that establishes a connection between the response of a system subject to a perturbation and the fluctuations associated with observables in equilibrium.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-03 Tanmoy Biswas , A. de Oliveira Junior , Michał Horodecki , Kamil Korzekwa

In this Letter, we present a new experimental approach to investigate the effective temperature concept as a generalization of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) for nonequilibrium systems. Simultaneous measurements of diffusion…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2017-12-06 Jean Colombani , Laure Petit , Christophe Ybert , Catherine Barentin

Ordinary differential equation models are used to describe dynamic processes across biology. To perform likelihood-based parameter inference on these models, it is necessary to specify a statistical process representing the contribution of…

The study of thermodynamic properties of microscopic systems, such as a colloid in a fluid, has been of great interest to researchers since the discovery of the fluctuation theorem and associated laws of stochastic thermodynamics. However,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-11-28 Debasish Saha , Rati Sharma

The postulational basis of classical thermodynamics has been expanded to incorporate equilibrium fluctuations. The main additional elements of the proposed thermodynamic theory are the concept of quasi-equilibrium states, a definition of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-06-11 Y. Mishin

The condition of thermal equilibrium simplifies the theoretical treatment of fluctuations as found in the celebrated Einstein's relation between mobility and diffusivity for Brownian motion. Several recent theories relax the hypothesis of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-04-10 Andrea Gnoli , Andrea Puglisi , Alessandro Sarracino , Angelo Vulpiani

Fluctuation-enhanced sensing comprises the analysis of the stochastic component of the sensor signal and the utilization of the microscopic dynamics of the interaction between the agent and the sensor. We study the relationship between the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2012-07-13 P. Makra , Z. Topalian , C. G. Granqvist , L. B. Kish , C. Kwan