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We present a fluctuation relation for heat dissipation in a nonequilibrium system. A nonequilibrium work is known to obey the fluctuation theorem in any time interval $t$. A heat, which differs from a work by an energy change, is shown to…
We study the effects of hydrodynamic fluctuations in non-boost-invariant longitudinal expansion of matter formed in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We formulate the theory of thermal noise within second-order viscous hydrodynamics…
The investigation of the fluctuations in interacting quantum systems at finite temperatures showcases the ongoing challenges in understanding complex quantum systems. Recently, atom number fluctuations in weakly interacting Bose-Einstein…
In some instances, e.g. near phase transitions, thermodynamic fluctuations become macroscopically relevant, and relative amplitudes grow far above the standard $N^{-1/2}$ scale, with $N$ the number of particles. Such large fluctuations are…
The work approaches the study of the fluctuations for the thermodynamic systems in the presence of the fields. The approach is of phenomenological nature and developed in a Gaussian approximation. The study is exemplified on the cases of a…
Thermal fluctuations in the coatings used to make high-reflectors are becoming significant noise sources in precision optical measurements and are particularly relevant to advanced gravitational wave detectors. There are two recognized…
Fluctuations in small biological systems can be crucial for their function. Large-deviation theory characterizes such rare events from the perspective of stochastic processes. In most cases it is very difficult to directly determine the…
We have investigated the validity of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem (FDT) and the applicability of the concept of effective temperature in a number of non-equilibrium soft glassy materials. Using a combination of passive and active…
We analyze the thermal fluctuations of a free, conformally invariant, Maxwell quantum field (photon) interacting with a cosmological background spacetime, in the framework of quantum field theory in curved spacetimes and semiclassical and…
We report an experimental and theoretical analysis of the energy exchanged between two conductors kept at different temperature and coupled by the electric thermal noise. Experimentally we determine, as functions of the temperature…
We study the dynamics of a quantum-coherent thermally isolated Luttinger liquid with noisy Luttinger parameter. To characterize the fluctuations of the absorbed energy in generic noise-driven systems, we first identify two types of energy…
We present a practical scheme for performing error estimates for Density Functional Theory calculations. The approach which is based on ideas from Bayesian statistics involves creating an ensemble of exchange-correlation functionals by…
When the energy content of a resonant mode of a crystalline solid in thermodynamic equilibrium is directly measured, assuming that quantum effects can be neglected it coincides with temperature except for a proportionality factor. This is…
We modified the modal expansion, which is the traditional method used to calculate thermal noise. This advanced modal expansion provides physical insight about the discrepancy between the actual thermal noise caused by inhomogeneously…
The quantum theory of the fluctuations of the van der Waals (vdW) force between macroscopic bodies is developed. Unlike the mean vdW force that is determined by all quantum states that contribute to the optical absorption, the energies of…
Nonergodic Brownian motion is elucidated within the framework of the generalized Langevin equation. For thermal noise yielding either a vanishing or a divergent zero-frequency friction strength, the non-Markovian Browninan dynamics exhibits…
The study of thermodynamic fluctuations allows one to relate the free energy difference between two equilibrium states with the work done on a system through processes far from equilibrium. This finding plays a crucial role in the quantum…
Stochastic thermodynamics provides the framework to analyze thermodynamic laws and quantities along individual trajectories of small but fully observable systems. If the observable level fails to capture all relevant degrees of freedom,…
We investigate the probability distribution of the quantum fluctuations of thermodynamic functions of finite, ballistic, phase-coherent Fermi gases. Depending on the chaotic or integrable nature of the underlying classical dynamics, on the…
The existence of fluctuations of temperature has been a somewhat controversial topic in thermodynamics but nowadays it is recognized that they must be taken into account in small, finite systems. Although for nonequilibrium steady states…