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Conventions are crucial for strong performance in cooperative multi-agent games, because they allow players to coordinate on a shared strategy without explicit communication. Unfortunately, standard multi-agent reinforcement learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Bidipta Sarkar , Andy Shih , Dorsa Sadigh

Reinforcement learning in multi-agent scenarios is important for real-world applications but presents challenges beyond those seen in single-agent settings. We present an actor-critic algorithm that trains decentralized policies in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Shariq Iqbal , Fei Sha

Angry Birds is a popular video game in which the player is provided with a sequence of birds to shoot from a slingshot. The task of the game is to destroy all green pigs with maximum possible score. Angry Birds appears to be a difficult…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Ekaterina Nikonova , Jakub Gemrot

Deep Reinforcement Learning has been shown to be very successful in complex games, e.g. Atari or Go. These games have clearly defined rules, and hence allow simulation. In many practical applications, however, interactions with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Andreas Merentitis , Kashif Rasul , Roland Vollgraf , Abdul-Saboor Sheikh , Urs Bergmann

Popular methods in cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning with partially observable environments typically allow agents to act independently during execution, which may limit the coordinated effect of the trained policies. However,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Faizan Contractor , Li Li , Ranwa Al Mallah

In fighting games, individual players of the same skill level often exhibit distinct strategies from one another through their gameplay. Despite this, the majority of AI agents for fighting games have only a single strategy for each "level"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Emily Halina , Matthew Guzdial

We study a game between liquidity provider and liquidity taker agents interacting in an over-the-counter market, for which the typical example is foreign exchange. We show how a suitable design of parameterized families of reward functions…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Nelson Vadori , Leo Ardon , Sumitra Ganesh , Thomas Spooner , Selim Amrouni , Jared Vann , Mengda Xu , Zeyu Zheng , Tucker Balch , Manuela Veloso

In a multi-agent setting, the optimal policy of a single agent is largely dependent on the behavior of other agents. We investigate the problem of multi-agent reinforcement learning, focusing on decentralized learning in non-stationary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Anahita Mohseni-Kabir , David Isele , Kikuo Fujimura

We study systems of interacting reinforced stochastic processes, where agents' decisions evolve under reinforcement, network-mediated interactions, and environmental influences. In competitive environments with irreducible networks, we…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-09-18 Michele Aleandri , Paolo Dai Pra , Ida Germana Minelli

Modern multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms hold great potential for solving a variety of real-world problems. However, they do not fully exploit cross-agent knowledge to reduce sample complexity and improve performance.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Haozhi Wang , Yinchuan Li , Qing Wang , Yunfeng Shao , Jianye Hao

Federated learning offers a decentralized approach to machine learning, where multiple agents collaboratively train a model while preserving data privacy. In this paper, we investigate the decision-making and equilibrium behavior in…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Lihui Yi , Xiaochun Niu , Ermin Wei

Although learning has found wide application in multi-agent systems, its effects on the temporal evolution of a system are far from understood. This paper focuses on the dynamics of Q-learning in large-scale multi-agent systems modeled as…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-03-04 Shuyue Hu , Chin-Wing Leung , Ho-fung Leung , Harold Soh

In various real-world scenarios, interactions among agents often resemble the dynamics of general-sum games, where each agent strives to optimize its own utility. Despite the ubiquitous relevance of such settings, decentralized machine…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Milad Aghajohari , Juan Agustin Duque , Tim Cooijmans , Aaron Courville

Joint attention - the ability to purposefully coordinate attention with another agent, and mutually attend to the same thing -- is a critical component of human social cognition. In this paper, we ask whether joint attention can be useful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Dennis Lee , Natasha Jaques , Chase Kew , Jiaxing Wu , Douglas Eck , Dale Schuurmans , Aleksandra Faust

Recent works have proven that intricate cooperative behaviors can emerge in agents trained using meta reinforcement learning on open ended task distributions using self-play. While the results are impressive, we argue that self-play and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Richard Bornemann , Gautier Hamon , Eleni Nisioti , Clément Moulin-Frier

Learning to cooperate is crucially important in multi-agent environments. The key is to understand the mutual interplay between agents. However, multi-agent environments are highly dynamic, where agents keep moving and their neighbors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Jiechuan Jiang , Chen Dun , Tiejun Huang , Zongqing Lu

This paper explores the capacity of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to autonomously design incentive-compatible contracts in dual-principal-agent settings, a relatively unexplored aspect of algorithmic mechanism design. We develop a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Qian Qi

In this paper, we present a solution to a design problem of control strategies for multi-agent cooperative transport. Although existing learning-based methods assume that the number of agents is the same as that in the training environment,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Kazuki Shibata , Tomohiko Jimbo , Takamitsu Matsubara

Physical agents that can autonomously generate engaging, life-like behaviour will lead to more responsive and interesting robots and other autonomous systems. Although many advances have been made for one-to-one interactions in well…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Lingheng Meng , Daiwei Lin , Adam Francey , Rob Gorbet , Philip Beesley , Dana Kulić

The behaviour of multi-agent learning in competitive settings is often considered under the restrictive assumption of a zero-sum game. Only under this strict requirement is the behaviour of learning well understood; beyond this, learning…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Aamal Hussain , Francesco Belardinelli , Georgios Piliouras