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Traditional machine-learned ranking systems for web search are often trained to capture stationary relevance of documents to queries, which has limited ability to track non-stationary user intention in a timely manner. In recency search,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2011-03-22 Taesup Moon , Wei Chu , Lihong Li , Zhaohui Zheng , Yi Chang

Pseudo-relevance feedback (PRF) has proven to be an effective query reformulation technique to improve retrieval accuracy. It aims to alleviate the mismatch of linguistic expressions between a query and its potential relevant documents.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Yunchang Zhu , Liang Pang , Yanyan Lan , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

As large language models (LLMs) are deployed globally, creating pluralistic systems that can accommodate the diverse preferences and values of users worldwide becomes essential. We introduce EVALUESTEER, a benchmark to measure LLMs' and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Kshitish Ghate , Andy Liu , Devansh Jain , Taylor Sorensen , Atoosa Kasirzadeh , Aylin Caliskan , Mona T. Diab , Maarten Sap

Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly rely on external tools such as search engines to solve complex agentic tasks that require reasoning and external knowledge retrieval. Recently, reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Peiran Xu , Zhuohao Li , Xiaoying Xing , Guannan Zhang , Debiao Li , Kunyu Shi

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) plays a critical role in user-generated content (UGC) platforms, but its effectiveness critically depends on accurate query-document relevance assessment. Despite recent advances in applying large…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiaowei Yuan , Lei Jin , Haoxin Zhang , Ziyang Huang , Yan Gao , Yi Wu , Yao Hu , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Ranking and comparing items is crucial for collecting information about preferences in many areas, from marketing to politics. The Mallows rank model is among the most successful approaches to analyse rank data, but its computational…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-04-28 Valeria Vitelli , Øystein Sørensen , Marta Crispino , Arnoldo Frigessi , Elja Arjas

Embedding-based neural retrieval (EBR) is an effective search retrieval method in product search for tackling the vocabulary gap between customer search queries and products. The initial launch of our EBR system at Walmart yielded…

Natural Language Recommendation (NLRec) generates item suggestions based on the relevance between user-issued NL requests and NL item description passages. Existing NLRec approaches often use Dense Retrieval (DR) to compute item relevance…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yifan Liu , Qianfeng Wen , Jiazhou Liang , Mark Zhao , Justin Cui , Anton Korikov , Armin Toroghi , Junyoung Kim , Scott Sanner

Traditionally, data scientists use exploratory data analysis techniques such as correlation analysis, summary statistics, and regression analysis for identifying the most product enhancements and roadmap planning. However, these…

Applications · Statistics 2024-06-06 Adam Gajtkowski , Felipe Moraes

This paper introduces PRobELM (Plausibility Ranking Evaluation for Language Models), a benchmark designed to assess language models' ability to discern more plausible from less plausible scenarios through their parametric knowledge. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Zhangdie Yuan , Eric Chamoun , Rami Aly , Chenxi Whitehouse , Andreas Vlachos

This paper explores generalised probabilistic modelling and uncertainty estimation in comparative LLM-as-a-judge frameworks. We show that existing Product-of-Experts methods are specific cases of a broader framework, enabling diverse…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yassir Fathullah , Mark J. F. Gales

Multileaved comparison methods generalize interleaved comparison methods to provide a scalable approach for comparing ranking systems based on regular user interactions. Such methods enable the increasingly rapid research and development of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-11-28 Harrie Oosterhuis , Maarten de Rijke

This work takes a critical stance on previous studies concerning fairness evaluation in Large Language Model (LLM)-based recommender systems, which have primarily assessed consumer fairness by comparing recommendation lists generated with…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso di Noia

The search engine evaluation research has quite a lot metrics available to it. Only recently, the question of the significance of individual metrics started being raised, as these metrics' correlations to real-world user experiences or…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2013-02-12 Pavel Sirotkin

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to support question answering and decision-making in high-stakes, domain-specific settings such as natural hazard response and infrastructure planning, where effective answers must convey…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Homaira Huda Shomee , Rochana Chaturvedi , Yangxinyu Xie , Tanwi Mallick

While large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced mathematical reasoning, Process Reward Models (PRMs) have been developed to evaluate the logical validity of reasoning steps. However, PRMs still struggle with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Jiachen Zhu , Congmin Zheng , Jianghao Lin , Kounianhua Du , Ying Wen , Yong Yu , Jun Wang , Weinan Zhang

There has been a flurry of research in recent years on notions of fairness in ranking and recommender systems, particularly on how to evaluate if a recommender allocates exposure equally across groups of relevant items (also known as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Flavien Prost , Ben Packer , Jilin Chen , Li Wei , Pierre Kremp , Nicholas Blumm , Susan Wang , Tulsee Doshi , Tonia Osadebe , Lukasz Heldt , Ed H. Chi , Alex Beutel

Personalized alignment is crucial for enabling Large Language Models (LLMs) to engage effectively in user-centric interactions. However, current methods face a dual challenge: they fail to infer users' deep implicit preferences (including…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Peiming Li , Zhiyuan Hu , Yang Tang , Shiyu Li , Xi Chen

Recent discussions on alternative facts, fake news, and post truth politics have motivated research on creating technologies that allow people not only to access information, but also to assess the credibility of the information presented…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-08-25 Christina Lioma , Jakob Grue Simonsen , Birger Larsen

While recent advancements in aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with recommendation tasks have shown great potential and promising performance overall, these aligned recommendation LLMs still face challenges in complex scenarios. This is…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Yi Fang , Wenjie Wang , Yang Zhang , Fengbin Zhu , Qifan Wang , Fuli Feng , Xiangnan He