Related papers: Elementary particles in the early Universe
The properties of elementary particles and their interactions at different stages of the evolution of the Universe, starting with the Planck energy $ 10 ^{19} $ GeV, are presented. We assume that the Standard Model gauge group becomes…
The evolution of properties and interactions of elementary particles is described, beginning with the Planck scale of $10^{19}$ GeV. The description is based on the hypothesis that high-temperature (high-energy) limit of the Standard Model…
The low and higher energy limits of the Electroweak Model are obtained from first principles of gauge theory. Both limits are given by the same contraction of the gauge group, but for the different consistent rescalings of the field space.…
The Standard Model of the electroweak and strong interactions of particle physics is a quantum field theory. Elementary particles are not indivisible `pieces' of matter but energy bundles of fields, whose properties and interactions are a…
The physics of the 20th Century is governed by two pillars, Einstein's relativity principle and the quantum principle. At the beginning of the 21st Century, it becomes clear that there exist the smallest units of matter, such as electrons,…
Existence and properties of the electroweak phase transition in the early universe depend strongly on the mass of the Higgs scalar M_H. There is presumably no true symmetry restoration at high temperature. Nevertheless, a first order phase…
If the electroweak sector of the standard model is described by classically conformal dynamics, the early Universe evolution can be substantially altered. It is already known that---contrarily to the standard model case---a first order…
The early Universe was characterized by the presence of heavy particles that decoupled at different temperatures leading to different phases of the Universe. This had a consequences on the time evolution of the thermodynamic and the…
This is a historical account from my personal perspective of the development over the last few decades of the standard model of particle physics. The model is based on gauge theories, of which the first was quantum electrodynamics,…
This dissertation aims to deepen the understanding of the primordial composition of the Universe in the temperature range 300 MeV>T>0.02 MeV. I exploit known properties of elementary particles and apply methods of kinetic theory and…
We discuss a scenario of ``the path to physics at the Planck scale'' where todays theory of the interactions of elementary particles, the so called Standard Model (SM), emerges as a low energy effective theory describing the long distance…
The fundamental couplings of the Standard Model are known to vary as a function of energy scale through the Renormalisation Group (RG), and have been measured at the electroweak scale at colliders. However, the variation of the couplings as…
The first LHC results at 7-8 TeV, with the discovery of a candidate Higgs boson and the non observation of new particles or exotic phenomena, have made a big step towards completing the experimental confirmation of the Standard Model (SM)…
We consider a model of an elementary particle as a 2 + 1 dimensional brane evolving in a 3 + 1 dimensional space. Introducing gauge fields that live in the brane as well as normal surface tension can lead to a stable "elementary particle"…
We present status of the 3-3-1 models and their implications to cosmological evolution such as inflation, phase transitions and sphalerons. The models can deal not only with the issues such as neutrino physics, dark matter, etc, but they…
The primary objective of this work is to investigate the cosmological phase transitions in the early Universe, with a focus on the electroweak phase transition in the Standard Model and its extensions. In the Standard Model, the…
In an earlier paper I proposed a highly symmetric semi-classical initial condition to describe the universe in the period leading up to the electroweak transition and completely determine all cosmology after that. Nothing beyond the…
I give a pedagogical introduction to some of the many particles and gauge fields that can emerge in correlated matter. The standard model of materials is built on Landau's foundational principles: adiabatic continuity and spontaneous…
An addition to the Standard Model of a real, gauge-singlet scalar field, coupled via a Higgs portal interaction, can reopen the possibility of a strongly first-order electroweak phase transition (EWPT) and successful electroweak…
The Standard Model of electroweak and strong interactions is reviewed in a pedagogical set of lectures. After an introduction to the quarks, leptons, and gauge bosons, an elementary discussion of gauge theories is given, with application to…