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Recent advancements in procedural content generation via machine learning enable the generation of video-game levels that are aesthetically similar to human-authored examples. However, the generated levels are often unplayable without…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Hejia Zhang , Matthew C. Fontaine , Amy K. Hoover , Julian Togelius , Bistra Dilkina , Stefanos Nikolaidis

Automatically adapting game content to players opens new doors for game development. In this paper we propose an architecture using persona agents and experience metrics, which enables evolving procedurally generated levels tailored for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Pedro M. Fernandes , Jonathan Jørgensen , Niels N. T. G. Poldervaart

Procedural city generation that focuses on believability and adaptability to random terrain is a difficult challenge in the field of Procedural Content Generation (PCG). Dozens of researchers compete for a realistic approach in challenges…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Arthur van der Staaij , Jelmer Prins , Vincent L. Prins , Julian Poelsma , Thera Smit , Matthias Müller-Brockhausen , Mike Preuss

Large language models (LLMs) offer promise for dynamic game content generation, but they face critical barriers, including narrative incoherence and high operational costs. Due to their large size, they are often accessed in the cloud,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Morten I. K. Munk , Arturo Valdivia , Paolo Burelli

Achieving optimal balance in games is essential to their success, yet reliant on extensive manual work and playtesting. To facilitate this process, the Procedural Content Generation via Reinforcement Learning (PCGRL) framework has recently…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Florian Rupp , Alessandro Puddu , Christian Becker-Asano , Kai Eckert

This paper focuses on procedurally generating rules and communicating them to players to adjust the difficulty. This is part of a larger project to collect and adapt games in educational games for young children using a digital puzzle game…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Thomas Volden , Djordje Grbic , Paolo Burelli

Markov Junior is a probabilistic programming language used for procedural content generation across various domains. However, its reliance on manually crafted and tuned probabilistic rule sets, also called grammars, presents a significant…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Mehmet Kayra Oğuz , Alexander Dockhorn

Recent research has highlighted the significance of natural language in enhancing the controllability of generative models. While various efforts have been made to leverage natural language for content generation, research on deep…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-25 In-Chang Baek , Sung-Hyun Kim , Seo-Young Lee , Dong-Hyeon Kim , Kyung-Joong Kim

This paper describes a method for generative player modeling and its application to the automatic testing of game content using archetypal player models called procedural personas. Theoretically grounded in psychological decision theory,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Christoffer Holmgård , Michael Cerny Green , Antonios Liapis , Julian Togelius

Graph data structures offer a versatile and powerful means to model relationships and interconnections in various domains, promising substantial advantages in data representation, analysis, and visualization. In games, graph-based data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Florian Rupp , Kai Eckert

Procedural Music Generation (PMG) is an emerging field that algorithmically creates music content for video games. By leveraging techniques from simple rule-based approaches to advanced machine learning algorithms, PMG has the potential to…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Shangxuan Luo , Joshua Reiss

This research introduces Procedural Artificial Narrative using Generative AI (PANGeA), a structured approach for leveraging large language models (LLMs), guided by a game designer's high-level criteria, to generate narrative content for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Steph Buongiorno , Lawrence Jake Klinkert , Tanishq Chawla , Zixin Zhuang , Corey Clark

Reward design plays a pivotal role in the training of game AIs, requiring substantial domain-specific knowledge and human effort. In recent years, several studies have explored reward generation for training game agents and controlling…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 In-Chang Baek , Sung-Hyun Kim , Sam Earle , Zehua Jiang , Jin-Ha Noh , Julian Togelius , Kyung-Joong Kim

While the games industry is moving towards procedural content generation (PCG) with tools available under popular platforms such as Unreal, Unity or Houdini, and video game titles like No Man's Sky and Horizon Zero Dawn taking advantage of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-05-20 Gorm Lai , William Latham , Frederic Fol Leymarie

Procedural content generation via machine learning (PCGML) has shown success at producing new video game content with machine learning. However, the majority of the work has focused on the production of static game content, including game…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Nazanin Yousefzadeh Khameneh , Matthew Guzdial

Game consists of multiple types of content, while the harmony of different content types play an essential role in game design. However, most works on procedural content generation consider only one type of content at a time. In this paper,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Ziqi Wang , Jialin Liu

Driven by the rapid growth of machine learning, recent advances in game artificial intelligence (AI) have significantly impacted productivity across various gaming genres. Reward design plays a pivotal role in training game AI models,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 In-Chang Baek , Tae-Hwa Park , Jin-Ha Noh , Cheong-Mok Bae , Kyung-Joong Kim

Procedural Content Generation (PCG) offers scalable methods for algorithmically creating complex, customizable worlds. However, controlling these pipelines requires the precise configuration of opaque technical parameters. We propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Lim Chien Her , Ming Yan , Yunshu Bai , Ruihao Li , Hao Zhang

This paper presents a procedural generation method that creates visually attractive levels for the Angry Birds game. Besides being an immensely popular mobile game, Angry Birds has recently become a test bed for various artificial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-04-28 YuXuan Jiang , Misaki Kaidan , Chun Yin Chu , Tomohiro Harada , Ruck Thawonmas

Methods for dynamic difficulty adjustment allow games to be tailored to particular players to maximize their engagement. However, current methods often only modify a limited set of game features such as the difficulty of the opponents, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Miguel González-Duque , Rasmus Berg Palm , David Ha , Sebastian Risi