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Achieving scalable, fault-tolerant quantum computation requires quantum memory architectures that minimize error correction overhead while preserving coherence. This work presents a framework for high-dimensional qudit memory in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-06 William Boone Samuels

Quantum Computers, one fully realized, can represent an exponential boost in computing power. However, the computational power of the current quantum computers, referred to as Noisy Internediate Scale Quantum, or NISQ, is severely limited…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-27 George Gesek

Quantum computation is traditionally expressed in terms of quantum bits, or qubits. In this work, we instead consider three-level qu$trits$. Past work with qutrits has demonstrated only constant factor improvements, owing to the $\log_2(3)$…

Quantum computers are inherently noisy, and a crucial challenge for achieving large-scale, fault-tolerant quantum computing is to implement quantum error correction. A promising direction that has made rapid recent progress is to design…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-13 Maria Violaris , Luciana Henaut , James Wills , Gioele Consani , Jamie Friel , Brian Vlastakis

Quantum computation and communication are important branches of quantum information science. However, noise in realistic quantum devices fundamentally limits the utility of these quantum technologies. A conventional approach towards…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-18 Kyungjoo Noh

Efficient characterization of noise during quantum gate operations is an essential step to building and scaling up a quantum computer. One such protocol is averaged circuit eigenvalue sampling (ACES) which efficiently characterizes a noisy…

Current technological advancements of quantum computers highlight the need for application-driven, practical and well-defined methods of benchmarking their performance. As the existing NISQ device's quality of two-qubit gate errors rate is…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Krzysztof Kurowski , Piotr Rydlichowski , Konrad Wojciechowski , Tomasz Pecyna , Mateusz Slysz

The frontier of quantum computing (QC) simulation on classical hardware is quickly reaching the hard scalability limits for computational feasibility. Nonetheless, there is still a need to simulate large quantum systems classically, as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Marzio Vallero , Flavio Vella , Paolo Rech

In the era of quantum computing without full fault-tolerance, it is essential to suppress noise effects via the quantum error mitigation techniques to enhance the computational power of the quantum devices. One of the most effective…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-24 Yasuhiro Ohkura , Suguru Endo , Takahiko Satoh , Rodney Van Meter , Nobuyuki Yoshioka

A quantum computer will use the properties of quantum physics to solve certain computational problems much faster than otherwise possible. One promising potential implementation is to use superconducting quantum bits in the circuit quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-01 Matthew Reed

As superconducting qubits continue to advance technologically, the realization of quantum algorithms from theoretical abstraction to physical implementation requires knowledge of both quantum circuit construction as well as hardware…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-25 Daniel Koch , Brett Martin , Saahil Patel , Laura Wessing , Paul M. Alsing

The use of a few intermediate qutrits for efficient decomposition of 3-qubit unitary gates has been proposed, to obtain an exponential reduction in the depth of the decomposed circuit. An intermediate qutrit implies that a qubit is operated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-13 Ritajit Majumdar , Amit Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti , Susmita Sur-Kolay

Major obstacles remain to the implementation of macroscopic quantum computing: hardware problems of noise, decoherence, and scaling; software problems of error correction; and, most important, algorithm construction. Finding truly quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-17 Nathan Thompson , James Steck , Elizabeth Behrman

Quantum computation has been growing rapidly in both theory and experiments. In particular, quantum computing devices with a large number of qubits have been developed by IBM, Google, IonQ, and others. The current quantum computing devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-10 Rishabh Gupta , Rongxin Xia , Raphael D. Levine , Sabre Kais

In the current NISQ (Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum) era, simulating and verifying noisy quantum circuits is crucial but faces challenges such as quantum state explosion and complex noise representations, constraining simulation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Mingyu Huang , Ji Guan , Wang Fang , Mingsheng Ying

There is increasing interest in the development of gate-based quantum circuits for the training of machine learning models. Yet, little is understood concerning the parameters of circuit design, and the effects of noise and other…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-14 Patrick Selig , Niall Murphy , Ashwin Sundareswaran R , David Redmond , Simon Caton

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a powerful framework for learning representations from graph-structured data, but their direct implementation on near-term quantum hardware remains challenging due to circuit depth, multi-qubit interactions,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-19 Armin Ahmadkhaniha , Jake Doliskani

To realize the full potential of quantum computers, we must mitigate qubit errors by developing noise-aware algorithms, compilers, and architectures. Thus, simulating quantum programs on high-performance computing (HPC) systems with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-20 Meng Wang , Swamit Tannu , Prashant J. Nair

We show a significant reduction of the number of quantum operations and the improvement of the circuit depth for the realization of the Toffoli gate by using qudits. This is done by establishing a general relation between the dimensionality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-12 E. O. Kiktenko , A. S. Nikolaeva , Peng Xu , G. V. Shlyapnikov , A. K. Fedorov

Before quantum error correction (QEC) is achieved, quantum computers focus on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) applications. Compared to the well-known quantum algorithms requiring QEC, like Shor's or Grover's algorithm, NISQ…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Bochen Tan , Jason Cong