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The Lagrangian formulation of Gravitoelectromagnetism (GEM) theory is considered. GEM is a gravitational theory constructed based on the similarities between gravity and electromagnetism. In this framework, we investigate gravitational…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-02-20 L. A. S. Evangelista , A. F. Santos

The thermal plasma filling the early universe generated a stochastic gravitational wave background that peaks in the microwave frequency range today. If the graviton production rate is expressed as a series in a fine-structure constant,…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-04-25 J. Ghiglieri , M. Laine , J. Schütte-Engel , E. Speranza

In this paper, the expression of the relativistic Maxwell-J\"uttner velocity distribution was deduced in a detailed and didactic way. This distribution was compared with the well-known Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, which does not take…

General Physics · Physics 2022-02-07 Gilberto Jonas Damião , Clóves Gonçalves Rodrigues

In numerically simulated vibrated beds of powder, we measure temperature under convection by the generalized Einstein's relation. The spatial temperature distribution turns out to be quite uniform except for the boundary layers. In addition…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2007-05-23 Satoru Kiyono , Y-h. Taguchi

In arXiv:gr-qc/9504004 it was shown that the Einstein equation can be derived as a local constitutive equation for an equilibrium spacetime thermodynamics. More recently, in the attempt to extend the same approach to the case of $f(R)$…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 G. Chirco , S. Liberati

The probability distribution of temperature of a blackbody can be determined from its power spectrum. This technique is called blackbody radiation inversion. In the present paper blackbody radiation inversion is applied on the spectrum of…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-04-09 Koustav Konar , Kingshuk Bose , R. K. Paul

The objective of this work is to analyze the temperature oscillations that occur in a gas in a circular motion under the action of a Reissner-Nordstr\"om gravitational field, verifying the effect of the charge term of the metric on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-12-20 Leandro C. Mehret , Gilberto M. Kremer

The dilaton free energy density in external static gravitational field is found. We use the real time formulation of the finite temperature field theory and the free energy density is computed to the first order of the string parameter…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-22 Z. Kopecky

A fundamental prediction of inflation is a nearly scale-invariant spectrum of gravitational wave. The features of such a signal provide extremely important information about the physics of the early universe. In this paper, we focus on…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-04 Xi-Bin Li , He Wang , Jian-Yang Zhu

A detector undergoing uniform acceleration $a$ in a vacuum field responds just as though it were immersed in thermal radiation of temperature $T=\hbar a/2\pi k c$. A simple, intuitive derivation of this result is given for the case of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Paul M. Alsing , Peter W. Milonni

The Tolman-Ehrenfest criterion for the thermal equilibrium of a fluid at rest in a static general-relativistic geometry is generalized to scalar-tensor gravity. Surprisingly, the gravitational scalar field, which fixes the strength of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-21 Numa Karolinski , Valerio Faraoni

In the context of cosmological perturbation theory, we derive the second order Boltzmann equation describing the evolution of the distribution function of radiation without a specific gauge choice. The essential steps in deriving the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Atsushi Naruko , Cyril Pitrou , Kazuya Koyama , Misao Sasaki

We analyze in details how the anomalous drift and diffusion properties of a particle evolving in an aging medium can be interpreted in terms of an effective temperature of the medium. From an experimental point of view, independent…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-24 Noelle Pottier

The temperature of a physical system is operationally defined in physics as "that quantity which is measured by a thermometer" weakly coupled to, and at equilibrium with the system. This definition is unique only at global equilibrium in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-01-08 Daochi Zhang , Xiao Zheng , Massimiliano Di Ventra

In this article we calculate the reheating temperature in the cosmological scenarios where heavy scalar particles are gravitationally produced, due to a conformally coupled interaction between a massive scalar quantum field and the Ricci…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-05 Jaume de Haro , Llibert Aresté Saló , Supriya Pan

We calculate in a general background gauge, to one-loop order, the leading logarithmic contribution from the graviton self-energy at finite temperature $T$, extending a previous analysis done at $T=0$. The result, which has a transverse…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-05-02 F. T. Brandt , J. Frenkel , D. G. C. McKeon , G. S. S. Sakoda

We observe thermal motions of ions, and molecules in water through light extinction, at the individual particle level. The motions appear as time dependent intensity variations, characterized through their averaged spectra. Theoretical…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-03-23 Kenichiro Aoki , Takahisa Mitsui

In this paper, we study the temperature distribution of a body when the heat is transmitted only by radiation. The heat transmitted by convection and conduction is ignored. We consider the stationary radiative transfer equation in the local…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2023-06-21 Jin Woo Jang , Juan J. L. Velázquez

The surface Hamiltonian corresponding to the surface part of a gravitational action has $xp$ structure where $p$ is conjugate momentum of $x$. Moreover, it leads to $TS$ on the horizon of a black hole. Here $T$ and $S$ are temperature and…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-12-30 Ashish Bakshi , Bibhas Ranjan Majhi , Saurav Samanta

We extend on ideas from standard thermodynamics to show that temperature can be assigned to a general nonequilibrium quantum system. By choosing a physically motivated complete set of observables and expanding the system state thereupon,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-26 S. Alipour , F. Benatti , M. Afsary , F. Bakhshinezhad , M. Ramezani , T. Ala-Nissila , A. T. Rezakhani