Related papers: Virtual Links in Arbitrary Dimensions
A virtual link diagram is called normal if the associated abstract link diagram is checkerboard colorable, and a virtual link is normal if it has a normal diagram as a representative.In this paper, we introduce a method of converting a…
Diagrams as a graphic expresion of derivatives is proposed for calculation of derivatives for composed function. The concret diagram is understood as a virtual derivative in contrast of concret derivative. In polynomial expression of…
Picture-valued invariants are the main achievement of parity theory by V.O. Manturov. In the paper we give a general description of such invariants which can be assigned to a parity (in general, a trait) on diagram crossings. We distinguish…
The present work is concerned with characterizing some algebraic invariants of edge ideals of hypergraphs. To this aim, firstly, we introduce some kinds of combinatorial invariants similar to matching numbers for hypergraphs. Then we…
In order to apply quantum topology methods to nonplanar graphs, we define a planar diagram category that describes the local topology of embeddings of graphs into surfaces. These \emph{virtual graphs} are a categorical interpretation of…
Two natural generalizations of knot theory are the study of spatial graphs and virtual knots. Our goal is to unify these two approaches into the study of virtual spatial graphs. This paper is a survey, and does not contain any new results.…
We construct a family of rings. To a plane diagram of a tangle we associate a complex of bimodules over these rings. Chain homotopy equivalence class of this complex is an invariant of the tangle. On the level of Grothendieck groups this…
For any virtual link, a class of new links can be defined called stacks, in which copies of the virtual link are placed on top of one another. The resulting virtual link depends only on the virtual isotopy class of the original link, and…
Virtual quandles with two operations are discussed in the article. Certain knot invariant is constructed and used to distinguish two long virtual knots.
We address the question of detecting minimal virtual diagrams with respect to the number of virtual crossings. This problem is closely connected to the problem of detecting the minimal number of additional intersection points for a generic…
We define invariants for a framed link equipped with a SL2 local system in its complement and additional combinatorial data based on the theory of representations of stated skein algebras at roots of unity of punctured bigons and the…
Link homotopy has been an active area of research for knot theorists since its introduction by Milnor in the 1950s. We introduce a new equivalence relation on spatial graphs called component homotopy, which reduces to link homotopy in the…
We describe a web of well-known dualities connecting quantum field theories in $d=1+1$ dimensions. The web is constructed by gauging ${\bf Z}_2$ global symmetries and includes a number of perennial favourites such as the Jordan-Wigner…
In this paper we review the definitions of homogeneous and alternative links. We also give two new characterizations of an alternative link diagram, one within the context of the enhanced checkerboard graph and another from the labeled…
We survey some tools and techniques for determining geometric properties of a link complement from a link diagram. In particular, we survey the tools used to estimate geometric invariants in terms of basic diagrammatic link invariants. We…
In the prequel of this paper, Kauffman and Ogasa introduced new topological quantum invariants of compact oriented 3-manifolds with boundary where the boundary is a disjoint union of two identical surfaces. The invariants are constructed…
For classical knots, there is a concept of (semi)meander diagrams; in this short note we generalize this concept to virtual knots and prove that the classes of meander and semimeander diagrams are universal (this was known for classical…
Virtual index cocycle is the 1-cochain that counts virtual crossings in the arcs of a virtual link diagram. We show how this cocycle can be used to reformulate and unify some known invariants of virtual links.
We extend the state models for Jones and Alexander polynomials of classical links to state models of 2-variable polynomials in the case of singular links. Moreover, we extend both of them to polynomials with d+1 variables for long singular…
We consider quantum holonomy of some three-dimensional general covariant non-Abelian field theory in Landau gauge and confirm a previous result partially proven. We show that quantum holonomy retains metric independence after explicit gauge…