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The mean free path of neutrino in charged and neutral current reactions is calculated for inhomogeneous nuclear matter which is expected to appear in the crust of neutron stars. The relevant cross section depends on Fermi and Gamow-Teller…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-16 P. Grygorov , P. Gögelein , H. Müther

Nuclear pasta topology is an essential ingredient to determine transport properties in the inner crust of neutron stars. We perform semi-classical molecular dynamics simulations of nuclear pasta for proton fractions $Y_p=0.30$ and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-11-14 Andre da Silva Schneider , Matt E. Caplan , Don K. Berry , Charles J. Horowitz

Many organisms exhibit branching morphologies that twist around each other and become entangled. Entanglement occurs when different objects interlock, creating complex and often irreversible configurations. This physical phenomenon is…

In cores of supernovae and crusts of neutron stars, nuclei can adopt interesting shapes, such as rods or slabs, etc., which are referred to as nuclear "pasta." In recent years, we have studied the pasta phases focusing on their dynamical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Gentaro Watanabe

Azimuthal structures emerging in beam-generated partially magnetized plasmas are investigated using three-dimensional particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo collision simulations. Two distinct instability regimes are identified at low pressures. When…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2025-07-01 Jian Chen , Andrew T. Powis , Igor D. Kaganovich , Zhibin Wang

Neutron star and supernova matter at densities just below the nuclear matter saturation density is expected to form a lattice of exotic shapes. These so-called nuclear pasta phases are caused by Coulomb frustration. Their elastic and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2016-05-25 I. Sagert , G. I. Fann , F. J. Fattoyev , S. Postnikov , C. J. Horowitz

In this book chapter we review plasma crystals in the laboratory, in the interior of white dwarf stars, and in the crust of neutron stars. We describe a molecular dynamics formalism and show results for many neutron star crust properties…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2011-09-26 C. J. Horowitz , J. Hughto , A. Schneider , D. K. Berry

Protein chains of the (FG)$_n$ ($n \simeq$ 300) type cap the cytoplasmatic side of the nucleopore complex, which connects the nucleus to the remainder of an eukaryotic cell. We study the properties of three fundamental polymer models that…

Biological Physics · Physics 2020-06-12 Mike Castellano , Steffen Wolf , Thorsten Koslowski

Nuclear matter under astrophysical conditions is explored with time-dependent and static Hartree-Fock calculations. The focus is in a regime of densities where matter segregates into liquid and gaseous phases unfolding a rich scenario of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-11-19 B. Schuetrumpf , K. Iida , J. A. Maruhn , P. -G. Reinhard

The transport of particles across lipid-bilayer membranes is important for biological cells to exchange information and material with their environment. Large particles often get wrapped by membranes, a process which has been intensively…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-06-04 Jiarul Midya , Thorsten Auth , Gerhard Gompper

We analyze the geometric structure and mechanical stability of a complete set of isostatic and hyperstatic sphere packings obtained via exact enumeration. The number of nonisomorphic isostatic packings grows exponentially with the number of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-06-04 Robert S. Hoy , Jared Harwayne-Gidansky , Corey S. O'Hern

As an injury heals, an embryo develops, or a carcinoma spreads, epithelial cells systematically change their shape. In each of these processes cell shape is studied extensively, whereas variation of shape from cell-to-cell is dismissed most…

The behavior of nuclear matter is studied at low densities and temperatures using classical molecular dynamics with three different sets of potentials with different compressibility. Nuclear matter is found to arrange in crystalline…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-05-13 C. O. Dorso , P. A. Giménez Molinelli , J. I. Nichols , J. A. López

We introduce a novel model, comprising self-avoiding surfaces and incorporating edges and tubules, that is designed to characterize the structural morphologies and transitions observed within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). By employing…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-04-09 Jaya Kumar Alageshan , Yashodhan Hatwalne , Rahul Pandit

The prevalence of multicellular organisms is due in part to their ability to form complex structures. How cells pack in these structures is a fundamental biophysical issue, underlying their functional properties. However, much remains…

In cores of supernovae and crusts of neutron stars, nuclei can adopt interesting shapes, such as rods or slabs, etc., which are referred to as nuclear "pasta." Recently, we have been studying the pasta phases focusing on their dynamical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Gentaro Watanabe , Hidetaka Sonoda

The role of gas in the mass assembly at the nuclei of galaxies is still subject to some uncertainty. Stellar nuclear discs bridge the gap between the large-scale galaxy and the central massive objects that reside there. Using a high…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-23 David R. Cole , Victor P. Debattista , Peter Erwin , Samuel W. F. Earp , Rok Roskar

Recent pulsed-power experiments have demonstrated the formation of astrophysically-relevant, differentially rotating plasmas [1]. Key features of the plasma flows are the discovery of a quasi-Keplerian rotation curve, the launching of…

Background: The inner crust of a neutron star is believed to consist of Coulomb-frustrated complex structures known as "nuclear pasta" that display interesting and unique low-energy dynamics. Purpose: To elucidate the structure and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-12 K. H. O. Hasnaoui , J. Piekarewicz

Nucleosomes form the basic unit of compaction within eukaryotic genomes and their locations represent an important, yet poorly understood, mechanism of genetic regulation. Quantifying the strength of interactions within the nucleosome is a…

Biological Physics · Physics 2016-08-25 Joshua Lequieu , Andres Cordoba , David C. Schwartz , Juan J. de Pablo