Related papers: Scanning tunneling potentiometry implemented into …
We have constructed a scanning tunneling potentiometry system capable of simultaneously mapping the transport-related electrochemical potential of a biased sample along with its surface topography. Combining a novel sample biasing technique…
A scanning tunneling microscopy based potentiometry technique for the measurements of the local surface electric potential is presented and illustrated by experiments performed on current-carrying thin tungsten films. The obtained results…
We present a four-point probe resistance measurement technique which uses four equivalent current measuring units, resulting in minimal hardware requirements and corresponding sources of noise. Local sample potentials are measured by a…
Under mesoscopic conditions, the transport potential on a thin film with current is theoretically expected to bear spatial variation due to quantum interference. Scanning tunneling potentiometry is the ideal tool to investigate such…
A theoretical description of scanning tunneling potentoimetry (STP) measurement is presented to address the increasing need for a basis to interpret experiments on macrscopic samples. Based on a heuristic understanding of STP provided to…
Based on Bardeen's perturbative approach to tunneling, we have found an expression for the current between tip and sample, which can be efficiently coded in order to perform fast ab initio simulations of STM images. Under the observation…
In scanning gate microscopy, where the tip of a scanning force microscope is used as a movable gate to study electronic transport in nanostructures, the shape and magnitude of the tip-induced potential are important for the resolution and…
We present the design, fabrication and discuss the performance of a new combined high-resolution Scanning Tunneling and thermopower Microscope (STM/SThEM). We also describe the development of the electronic control, the user interface, the…
An in situ tip preparation procedure compatible with ultra-low temperature and high magnetic field scanning tunneling microscopes is presented. This procedure does not require additional preparation techniques such as thermal annealing or…
Investigation of transport properties is fundamental for characterizing electronic properties and phase transitions. However, most of the transport measurements on conductive layers have been performed at macroscopic scales, and thus the…
We describe a fully ultra-high vacuum compatible scanning tunneling microscope (STM) optimized for radio-frequency signals. It includes in-situ exchangeable tips adapted to high frequency cabling and a standard sample holder, which offer…
Multi-tip scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is a powerful method to perform charge transport measurements at the nanoscale. With four STM tips positioned on the surface of a sample, four-point resistance measurements can be performed in…
We consider conductance mapping of systems based on the two-dimensional electron gas with scanning gate microscopy using two and more tips of the atomic force microscope. The paper contains results of numerical simulations for a model tip…
Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is a powerful tool for studying the structural and electronic properties of materials at the atomic scale. The combination of low temperature and high magnetic field for STM and related spectroscopy…
We propose a novel probe technique capable of performing local low-temperature spectroscopy on a 2D electron system (2DES) in a semiconductor heterostructure. Motivated by predicted spatially-structured electron phases, the probe uses a…
We present a very efficient and accurate method to simulate scanning tunneling microscopy images and spectra from first-principles density functional calculations. The wave-functions of the tip and sample are calculated separately on the…
The metallic tip of a scanning force microscope operated at 300 mK is used to locally induce a potential in a fully controllable double quantum dot defined via local anodic oxidation in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. Using scanning gate…
A Scanning Tunneling Microscope (STM) is one of the most important scanning probe tools available to study and manipulate matter at the nanoscale. In a STM, a tip is scanned on top of a surface with a separation of a few \AA. Often, the…
We report on the fabrication and performance of a new kind of tip for scanning tunneling microscopy. By fully incorporating a metallic tip on a silicon chip using modern micromachining and nanofabrication techniques, we realize so-called…
We present a novel methodology for the operation of macroscopic Kelvin Probe instruments. The methodology is based on the use of a harmonic backing potential signal to drive the tip-sample variable capacitance and on a Fourier…