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Autonomous robots combine a variety of skills to form increasingly complex behaviors called missions. While the skills are often programmed at a relatively low level of abstraction, their coordination is architecturally separated and often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Razan Ghzouli , Thorsten Berger , Einar Broch Johnsen , Swaib Dragule , Andrzej Wąsowski

Behavior trees (BTs) are a popular method for modeling NPC and enemy AI behavior and have been widely used in commercial games. In this work, rather than use BTs to model game playing agents, we use them for modeling game design agents,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Anurag Sarkar , Seth Cooper

There is a high demand for high-quality Non-Player Characters (NPCs) in video games. Hand-crafting their behavior is a labor intensive and error prone engineering process with limited controls exposed to the game designers. We propose to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Igor Borovikov , Jesse Harder , Michael Sadovsky , Ahmad Beirami

In this paper, a novel design methodology-Agile Behaviour Design-is presented that accommodates the requirements for developing complex game agents suitable for industrial environments. An essential part of the design approach is to support…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Swen E. Gaudl

In this paper we propose an architecture for specifying the interaction of non-player characters (NPCs) in the game-world in a way that abstracts common tasks in four main conceptual components, namely perception, deliberation, control,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-07-12 Davide Aversa , Stavros Vassos

Human actions often involve complex interactions across several inter-related objects in the scene. However, existing approaches to fine-grained video understanding or visual relationship detection often rely on single object representation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-03-22 Chih-Yao Ma , Asim Kadav , Iain Melvin , Zsolt Kira , Ghassan AlRegib , Hans Peter Graf

We propose a design for a functional programming language for autonomous agents, built off the ideas and motivations of Behavior Trees (BTs). BTs are a popular model for designing agents behavior in robotics and AI. However, as their growth…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Oliver Biggar , Iman Shames

Behavior Trees (BTs) were invented as a tool to enable modular AI in computer games, but have received an increasing amount of attention in the robotics community in the last decade. With rising demands on agent AI complexity, game…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Matteo Iovino , Edvards Scukins , Jonathan Styrud , Petter Ögren , Christian Smith

A Behavior Tree (BT) is a way to structure the switching between different tasks in an autonomous agent, such as a robot or a virtual entity in a computer game. BTs are a very efficient way of creating complex systems that are both modular…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Michele Colledanchise , Petter Ögren

Objective: Effective collaboration between machines and clinicians requires flexible data structures to represent medical processes and clinical practice guidelines. Such a data structure could enable effective turn-taking between human and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Blake Hannaford , Randall Bly , Ian Humphreys , Mark Whipple

Object permanence in psychology means knowing that objects still exist even if they are no longer visible. It is a crucial concept for robots to operate autonomously in uncontrolled environments. Existing approaches learn object permanence…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Ying Siu Liang , Chen Zhang , Dongkyu Choi , Kenneth Kwok

Advances in IoT technologies combined with new algorithms have enabled the collection and processing of high-rate multi-source data streams that quantify human behavior in a fine-grained level and can lead to deeper insights on individual…

The diversity of agent behaviors is an important topic for the quality of video games and virtual environments in general. Offering the most compelling experience for users with different skills is a difficult task, and usually needs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Ciprian Paduraru , Miruna Paduraru

The discovery of Behavior Trees (BTs) impacted the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in games, by providing flexible and natural representation of non-player characters (NPCs) logic, manageable by game-designers. Nevertheless, increased…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-25 Andrzej Kozik , Tomasz Machalewski , Mariusz Marek , Adrian Ochmann

Behavior trees (BTs) emerged from video game development as a graphical language for modeling intelligent agent behavior. BTs have several properties which are attractive for modeling medical procedures including human-readability,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-01-25 Blake Hannaford

Designers of autonomous agents, whether in physical or virtual environments, need to express nondeterminisim, failure, and parallelism in behaviors, as well as accounting for synchronous coordination between agents. Behavior Trees are a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Chris Martens , Eric Butler , Joseph C. Osborn

Seamless integration of physical objects as interactive digital entities remains a challenge for spatial computing. This paper explores Augmented Object Intelligence (AOI) in the context of XR, an interaction paradigm that aims to blur the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Mustafa Doga Dogan , Eric J. Gonzalez , Karan Ahuja , Ruofei Du , Andrea Colaço , Johnny Lee , Mar Gonzalez-Franco , David Kim

Domestic and service robots have the potential to transform industries such as health care and small-scale manufacturing, as well as the homes in which we live. However, due to the overwhelming variety of tasks these robots will be expected…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Gavin Suddrey , Ben Talbot , Frederic Maire

Behavior Trees constitute a widespread AI tool which has been successfully spun out in robotics. Their advantages include simplicity, modularity, and reusability of code. However, Behavior Trees remain a high-level decision making engine;…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Pilar de la Cruz , Justus Piater , Matteo Saveriano

Human-object interaction segmentation is a fundamental task of daily activity understanding, which plays a crucial role in applications such as assistive robotics, healthcare, and autonomous systems. Most existing learning-based methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Hao Xing , Kai Zhe Boey , Gordon Cheng
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